浅论罚金刑缓刑适用

近年来,随着罚金刑的广泛适用,许多学者对罚金刑存在的缺陷提出了许多质疑和完善的建议,其中包括罚金刑缓刑适用的建议。针对罚金刑缓刑在理论上的肯定论与否定论之争,借鉴国外刑法的有关规定,从缓刑适用的价值出发,主张罚金刑不宜适用缓刑。     

破产免责制度的理性思考

破产免责制度最早产生于英国,各国的破产免责制度均是针对自然人而言。我国现行破产法律制度只适用于企业法人,在这种立法体例下,自然不存在破产免责问题。随着社会的发展,应当借鉴国外先进立法经验,确立自然人破产制度,构建适合我国国情的破产免责制度。     

刑法因果关系之判断——兼论司法实践中的操作

我国刑法因果关系理论应当摆脱必然与偶然之争,借鉴国外因果关系的判断理论丰富我国的研究并为司法实践服务。以条件关系为基础判断事实因果关系,以相当因果关系说为基础评价法律因果关系,以客观归属论为借鉴为相当性提供明确的标准。     

Empirical validation of a family-member prioritization approach to maximize statistical power in missing person cases

In order to prioritize the exhumation of the most informative reference relatives to increase the statistical power of a reference group, a conditional simulation approach for missing person identification that combines both exclusion and inclusion power in reference families has been previously developed. The aim of this study is to empirically validate this approach by comparing its predicted theoretical prioritization model with the observed changes in statistical power in real cases of our laboratory, in which new relatives had already been added. We conclude that this approach is a reliable tool to choose the most appropriate reference relatives to complete a family group and improve the identification power of a Missing Person (MP).     

Freedom in paradise: quality of conditional release reports submitted to the Hawaii judiciary

Annually thousands of insanity acquitees are released from mental hospitals when they are no longer determined to be dangerous. This research examined quality of post-acquittal Conditional Release (CR) reports submitted to the Hawaii Judiciary. Hawaii utilizes a “three panel” system for assessing trial felony competency, criminal responsibility, and conditional release, where typically two psychologists (one Department of Health and one community-based) and one community-based psychiatrist submit independent reports to the Court. One hundred fifty CR reports were rated using a 44-item report quality measure. Interrater reliability trials indicated good to excellent agreement between quality ratings. Overall level of report quality was poor regardless of examiners' professional discipline, employer, or board certification status. Concordance rates for CR opinions were poor. Level of agreement between the judicial determination and majority recommendations was also poor. Reasons for the poor quality and level of agreement are discussed with recommendations for report quality improvement, including standardization of procedures and use of forensic risk assessment instruments.     

新刑诉下公诉工作司法能动性之发挥

在我国,能动司法与西方有所差别,其主要强调司法机关如何将法、情、理有机融合,慎重平衡各方主体利益。能动司法有利于化解社会矛盾,实现司法公正,同时也是对恢复性司法理念的回应。刑事和解、附条件不起诉、量刑建议,均为公诉工作发挥司法能动性提供了有效平台。同时,在公诉工作发挥司法能动性时,也存在办案检察官角色定位偏差等问题。要使公诉工作司法能动性得以有效发挥,上述问题亟待完善。     

区块链智能合约场景下共犯归责逻辑的应对与重塑

伴随着区块链技术的社会整合进程,以智能合约为载体的新型共犯样本呈现出异化形态,对此传统共犯归责模式面临"去中心"环境下网络平台的监管弱化、"假名主义"环境下交互主体的参与虚化、合约主体意思联络"单向一次性"的归责困境,需在尊重数字逻辑的前提下联动调整共犯归责逻辑,以实现智能合约共犯归责范阈的外限界定与内限梳清。在外部界限层面,需将合约自执行程序规范还原为因果共犯论逻辑,并等置转换为合法则的条件公式,从而于入罪向度上实现虚拟参与行为与现实法益侵害之间因果流程的具体判定;在内部界限层面,需对中立性的智能合约运维平台进行类型划分并匹配构建内涵"事前基于自主发现产生的验证、报告"与"事后基于被动通知产生的断网、消除"注意义务体系,同时对合约主体的共犯归责在客观层面、主观层面分别引入行为共同理论与"符号语言"意思联络理论,从而于出罪向度上实现合约共犯参与类型的梳清与处罚范阈的缩限。     

论不起诉裁量中的公共利益原则

现代社会犯罪数量不断激增,手段“日新月异”,司法审判面临越来越大的压力,与司法资源有限性之间的矛盾也日益凸现。作为审前程序的公诉制度承担起更多缓解审判压力,实现刑事案件审前分流的重任,扩大检察机关的不起诉裁量权成为世界各国刑事诉讼发展的趋势。与之相应,如何指导和规制检察机关的不起诉裁量权成为重中之重。确立检察机关不起诉裁量的公共利益原则。既是由检察机关的法律地位和性质决定的,又是规制不起诉裁量权的重要原则。     

Winning the Bid: Analyzing the International Olympic Committee's Host City Selections

Previous scholarship has relied on case study analysis and anecdotal evidence to explain the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Olympic host city selection process. This has resulted in several provocative claims regarding why the IOC selects particular cities to host the Olympics. Large-n analysis can dispel some of these assertions by identifying the systematic tendencies in the IOC's host city choices. After reviewing the selection process and the different influences on the IOC's choice of a host city, rank-ordered conditional logit estimation is applied to data proxies of bid candidate characteristics from 1959 through 2005. The IOC shows a statistical tendency to base its decision on the economic vitality of a bid city's home country and on the need to maintain continental diversity.     

附条件不起放热反应适用范围的界定

界定附条件不起诉的适用范围,需要把握两方面因素,一是适用对象应当是构成犯罪,应受刑罚处罚的行为,二是应当是非严重性犯罪,能够排除起诉必要性的行为。借鉴域外有关制度和实践,结合我国司法实际,我国在构建附条件不起诉制度时,宜比照有关缓刑的规定,将适用范围界定为可能判处三年有期徒刑以下刑罚的案件。