试论经济犯罪案件初查的法律地位

由于经济犯罪案件侦查的特殊性,初查工作在经济犯罪案件侦查中具有重要的作用。但是,由于初查的法律地位不明确,导致在司法实践中产生了一些困惑,给案件的办理带来了一些困难。因而应明确规定初查是刑事诉讼立案前的调查工作,其目的是决定是否提起刑事诉讼。     

Where and When to Spank: A Comparison Between U.S. and Japanese College Students

Although physical punishment has been studied for decades, there are gaps in the literature regarding frequently used form, context, and cross cultural differences. A comparison was made using 227 college students in the United States and Japan, who were presented with four scenarios and surveyed regarding attitudes toward physical punishment, perceptions of appropriate discipline methods, and past experience with physical punishment. Japanese and U.S. respondents reported similar personal experience with physical punishment (Japanese 86%, U.S. 91%). However, U.S. respondents reported a higher likelihood of being hit with an object than did Japanese respondents. For U.S. respondents, the bottom and the hand were the top two sites on the body used for physical punishment, whereas the head and the face were the top two places for the Japanese sample. Unlike U.S. respondents, type of child misbehavior was found to have an impact on Japanese respondents’ views on the appropriate discipline method.     

刑事审判中实物证据的审查判断及排除

刑事审判中,实物证据以其特有的客观性、稳定性和不可替代性特征而对于案件事实的认定发挥着令人更为信服的证实作用,从而显示出实物证据的证明优势。但实物证据在刑事诉讼证明中,也存在其一定的局限性。对于实物证据的审查,应主要从其客观真实性、证据来源、保管和鉴定过程、与案件事实的关联性、是否全面等方面进行。对于非法实物证据实行有别于言词证据的裁量排除原则,即只有在相关部门不能补正或者作出合理解释的情况下,才对其予以排除。     

交通肇事逃逸现场的物证保护

交通肇事逃逸案件呈逐年上升态势,处理难度较大。在交通肇事逃逸案件处理中,建议重视前期到达的外勤民警的工作和事故处理民警的现场勘查工作,应加大对警察的技能培训力度,建立交警总队的物证鉴定技术室,重特大交通肇事逃逸案件现场勘查的做法,建立物证档案室。     

简论新中国社区警务的背景与条件

作为外来词,"社区警务"是意涵丰富的既抽象又具体的概念,它既是一种警察哲学、警务理念、警务战略,又是警务运行模式和操作方法.新中国的警务具有"社区警务"的所有属性,是一种典型的社区警务形式,不能因不具其"名"而抹杀其"实".新中国的警务是在社会主义制度下,由国体和政体所决定的一种理性的历史选择.中国的社会主义制度是社区警务的母体;群众路线是社区警务的依据和灵魂;单位制度和单位社会形态是社区警务的适宜土壤;社区警务符合中国的文化历史传统;社区警务是物质资源相对匮乏条件下最为经济的警务模式选择.     

手印显现物理显影液的研究

物理显影液是渗透性客体上富脂手印的一种有效显现方法.本文就物理显影液显现手印的原理、方法、显现手印类型、显现客体类型、操作注意事项以及影响显现效果的各种因素作了一些探讨.     

Relationships between Social Information Processing and Aggression among Adolescent Girls with and without ADHD

This study investigated the relationship between social information processing (SIP) and both relational and overt, physical aggression in a longitudinally-followed sample of 228 adolescent girls (ages 11–18; 140 with ADHD and 88 comparison girls). During childhood, girls participated in naturalistic summer camps where peer rejection, overt physical aggression, and relational aggression were assessed via multiple informants and methods. Approximately 4.5 years later, these girls participated in follow-up assessments during which they completed a commonly-used vignette procedure to assess SIP; overt and relational aggression were again assessed through multiple informants. Correlations between (a) overt and relational aggression and (b) maladaptive SIP were modest in this female adolescent sample. However, relationships between aggression and SIP were stronger for the comparison girls than for the girls with ADHD. The relevance of SIP models for adolescent girls and clinical implications of findings are discussed.

The quantification of fingerprint quality using a relative contrast index

Research into fingermark enhancement techniques has traditionally used visual comparisons and qualitative methods to assess their effectiveness based on the quality of the developed fingermark. However, with increasing research into the optimisation of these techniques the need for a quantitative evaluative method has arisen. Parameters for acceptable fingerprint quality are not well defined and generally encompass clear, sharp edges and high levels of contrast between the fingermark ridges and background material. Using these current parameters, a conclusive measurement of fingerprint quality and thus the effectiveness of development techniques cannot be achieved.This study presents a model through which an aspect of fingerprint quality can be objectively and impartially measured based on a relative contrast index, constructed through measuring the reflective intensity of the fingermark ridges against the background material. Using a fibre-optic spectrophotometer attached to a microscope with axial illumination, the intensity counts of the ridge detail and background material were measured and a logarithmic contrast index constructed. The microscope and spectrophotometer parameters were experimentally tested using a standard colour resolution chart with known reflective properties. The protocol was successfully applied to four sample groups: black inked fingerprints on white paper; latent fingermarks on white paper developed separately with ninhydrin and physical developer; and fingermarks in blood deposited on white tiles and enhanced with amido black. The contrast indices obtained quantitatively reflect the level of contrast and provide an indication of fingerprint quality through a numerical representation rather than previous qualitative methods. It has been suggested that the proposed method of fingerprint quantification may be viable for application in the forensic research arena as it allows the definitive measurement of contrast to aid the evaluation of fingermark detection and enhancement techniques.     

警体教官素质与学生训练兴趣初探

警察院校是培养警察的摇篮，警察体育课是警察院校重要课程之一，加强警察院校大学生的自我锻炼意识不仅对学生身体非常重要，而且对今后的执法过程也具有非常重要的意义。本文根据当前警察院校大学生警体素质不高、自我锻炼意识不够强的现状，通过警体教官的基本素质对学生的影响，就如何激发学生对警察体育课的兴趣，培养学生良好的学习动机、增强锻炼意识、充分发挥学生自身的主观能动性、提高警体素质方面谈谈自己的看法。     

对我国听证制度现状的思考

听证制度要发挥作用应具备五个方面的条件，即主持人中立、参与人必须是相关利害人或其忠实代表、听证程序必须公开公平、听证事项必须受听证约束、听证结果受司法审查的潜在压力等，总结听证发挥作用的五大基本条件，以此对限制我国听证进一步发挥作用的原因逐一进行分析。