From discourse to policy: US policy communities’ perceptions of and approaches to climate change and security

ABSTRACT

Increasingly, a diverse set of policy communities, including those with defence, development and environmental mandates, frame climate change as a security threat. Most often this discursive formation labels climate change as a ‘threat multiplier’. This framing, however, is vague, linear and leaves many questions unanswered regarding how institutions can develop and implement policy that addresses the joint challenges of climate change, conflict and security. Utilising a mixed-methods approach, and grounding data collection in US policy communities, this article examines how policy actors and institutions integrate climate-security discourses into policy processes. The objective of this research is to provide direct insight into how the discourses and technical understandings of climate-security transition into policy priorities and implementation realities. This research identified three common approaches to climate-security: (1) A challenge of adaptation and resilience; (2) A potent political argument; and (3) An issue of limited importance and feasibility. These approaches, however, are inconsistent across sectors and within organisations, suggesting a lack of cohesion and considerable challenges in identifying and responding to climate change as a ‘threat multiplier’.     

构建和谐社会要努力搞好社会保障工作

构建和谐社会,需要搞好社会保障工作。共产党对构建和谐社会与搞好社会保障工作进行了理论探索,我们研究社会保障工作实践中的问题,提出解决问题的思路、对策,有助于构建和谐社会。     

陕西省家畜虱类的调查

虱类对家畜的危害是众所周知的,经调查,陕西省家畜的虱类隶属于 5科8属17种:①驴血虱Haematopinus asini;②猪血虱H.suis;③阔胸血 虱H.eurysternus;④瘤突血虱H.tuberculatus;⑤非洲颚虱Linognathus africanus;⑥牛颚虱L.vituli;⑦狭颚虱L.stenopsis;⑧毛管虱Solenopsescapillatus;⑨鸡短角羽虱Menopon gallinae;⑩草黄短角羽虱M.stramineus;⑾异形长羽虱Eipeurus heterographus;⑿阉鸡长羽虱L.caponis; ⒀鸡圆羽虱Goniocotes gallinae;⒁不同角羽虱Goniodes dissimilis; ⒂牛毛虱Damalinia bovis; ⒃马毛虱D.egui;⒄山羊毛虱D.caprae。文内附有以上17种畜虱的检索表。文内采用了近年来欧洲学者趋向于作为一个虱目Pht-hiraptera的分类意见,并对各种畜虱的中文译名提出了初步修订意见。     

Prosecuting Domestic Violence without Victim Participation

This article explores the evidential challenges victim withdrawal presents in domestic violence cases. More specifically it examines innovative measures taken in the United States to overcome problems of proof typically associated with domestic violence prosecutions. These evidentiary initiatives have facilitated a shift towards so–called 'victimless' prosecution in the context of domestic violence which dispenses with victim participation. Drawing upon a 'freedom model' of criminal justice, this article examines whether recent developments in the United States might be emulated as a means of addressing the high rate of attrition in domestic violence cases in England and Wales.     

WTO规则的实施机制:国内层面的考察

WTO规则是一个庞大的法律体系 ,本身包含了一套比较完整的实施机制和制度。本文主要结合中国的法律与实际对WTO规则的国内实施机制进行了考察。内容涉及WTO规则的一致性要求 ,透明度原则和贸易政策审查机制。     

“入世”对我国价格和价格宏观调控的影响及其对策

加入WTO以后，我国的关税将大幅度降低，非关税贸易保护措施削弱，贸易自由化程度提高，国内市场的各类商品将进一步放开，国内外市场的商品将进行公开的、无扭曲的公平竞争，这就为我国的国内市场价格与国际市场价格的对接，为价格的宏观调控的改革提供了前所未有的机遇。“入世”后，国际市场价格对国内市场价格的冲击主要集中在国内的第三产业价格及收费和第一产业的农产品价格。面对“入世”的新情况，为了维护我国的产业安全，我们必须加大市场价格体系的改革力度，形成新的价格体系和价格管理制度。     

治安状况评价的价值及其原则

治安状况评价是运用社会评价的原理,依据一定的指标体系和统计调查资料对治安秩序状况进行评估的活动。它是准确把握治安状况的基本方法,是确定治安目标、制定治安对策、进行治安控制的重要基础。治安状况评价不能脱离社会发展水平,应以原有治安秩序为基础和参照物,着重考察治安秩序破坏力与控制力的动态平衡状态,将客观现象与主观感受、整体评价与具体分析相结合进行综合测评。     

简论公安院校学管工作中的柔性管理

柔性管理是相对于刚性管理而提出来的。在公安院校警务化管理中,多重视刚性管理而轻柔性管理。其实,柔性管理思想也有其独特的效用。在公安院校学生管理中应亦刚亦柔,刚柔并济。     

中国传统和谐思想概要

中国传统和谐思想极为丰富,主要包括民本执政理念、富民经济战略、公平分配定律、社会救助体系、民主决策模式、中庸治国方法、和平邦交策略等。这些思想都是中国古代社会治理实践的理论精华,对于加强社会主义和谐社会建设,仍具有积极意义。     

论治安行政听证制度的基本原则

行政听证制度是我国立法引进的一项新制度,是行政程序法的核心内容。公安机关在进行治安行政听证工作中,应当认真借鉴国外相关的立法,健全和完善公开原则、言词原则、职能分离原则、事先告知原则、记录排他性原则。