文艺的德性：审美与伦理的耦合

文艺有着深刻的伦理学内涵,优秀的文艺作品的道德意义就在于它是人性的敞亮与主体性的高扬。缺乏伦理学的视野,就无法全面把握文艺的本真特质。文艺作品不同于道德教科书,文艺所传达的不应是抽象的直白的信条,而应该是活的生活———经过作家审美创造的生活。但文艺毕竟不是超人类的存在,文艺展示自然、社会、人际、心灵,提供测试人生价值和人生态度的光谱,文艺家的主观命意、文艺作品的客观意蕴以及受众的解读与再创造,本身就是一定价值的自觉选择和自然涵纳。伦理道德在文艺作品中必须是符合审美要求的存在,明晰的个性化(典型化)与生动的感性化,是其按照美的规律进行创造的实现机制。     

刑法中不履行债务行为犯罪化现象之分析

我国刑法将不履行债务行为犯罪化符合社会发展的现实需要,符合犯罪的本质属性,符合国外的相关立法例。但债务不履行行为的犯罪化并非无任何限制。应当遵循个别化原则,以债的履行为主要目的,对侵害涉共同利益和主流价值的债权行为加以规制,并配以轻刑。     

Citizenship in Civil Society?

Abstract

This article seeks to provide a conceptual framework to complement and guide the empirical analysis of civil society. The core argument is that civil society must be understood, not as a category of (post)industrialized society, but as one of individualized society. Civil society is characterized by individualism that is sustained and protected by the civil values of autonomy and emancipation. This, accordingly, implies that empirical data of civil society can be understood most fruitfully within the framework of individualized society. Classical sociology, however, perceives this very individualism and its values as being antagonistic to its own civic vision. Hence, the crucial question is whether there can be any scope for citizenship, classically understood, within civil society. This article begins with the conceptual reconstruction of the social organization of civil society. Thereafter, two distinct civil society perspectives—mediating structures and Tocquevillianism—are explored to see how civil individualism and citizenship relate to each.     

论罪犯教育个性化

过分强调罪犯教育的统一模式 ,不利于罪犯教育质量的提高。调整、改革罪犯教育思想和方式 ,把罪犯教育改造成为既适应社会需要 ,又有个体特色的新人 ,是罪犯教育面临的必然选择。应当明确罪犯在教育过程中的主体地位 ,注意提高罪犯的自我意识和主体意识 ,在改变罪犯个性心理结构上下功夫 ,建构有助于罪犯教育个性化运行的狱所环境     

文化多元化条件下城市文化个性化塑造的研究

文化多元化发展的现状要求城市文化进行个性化塑造,这不仅决定了城市竞争力,更能决定城市命运。该文试从城市文化个性化塑造出发,阐明城市文化的内涵,提出城市进行文化个性化塑造的重要意义,并结合当前城市文化个性缺失问题,提出了塑造城市个性文化的对策,以期推动城市文化个性化塑造的开展。     

期刊栏目设计的个性化追求

期刊栏目设计要追求个性化,形成风格,以保证期刊定位准确,提升文化含量,实现精品战略.个性化栏目的外部特征为统一性、原创性、稳定性;个性化栏目设计的结构要求为排列有规律、宽度有长短、品牌要固定.期刊编辑要不断提高素质和能力,为期刊栏目设计的个性化做出努力.     

谈谈个别化的裁判文书

当前,我国各级法院制作的裁判文书,公式化、概念化现象十分严重.写作个别化的裁判文书是解决这个问题的良方.裁判文书是理性和情感的二元统一.对同一案件,不同的主体对之进行理性和情感的观照,观照的后果呈现出极强的个性色彩.用语言将这种具有个性色彩的观照结果表现出来,这便是个别化的裁判文书.一个好的裁判文书,应该做到理性和情感的个别化.     

The Differentiation of the Volatile Organic Signatures of Individuals Through SPME-GC/MS of Characteristic Human Scent Compounds

Abstract:  Human scent evidence is utilized as an investigative tool through canine scent discriminations based on the premise that human scent is an individualizing characteristic. This study describes the development of what is effectively a human scent barcode consisting of the relative ratios of an individual's "primary odor" compounds utilized to determine a reproducible and individualizing profile which can be stored in a searchable database for a proof of concept of human scent as a biometric measure. Triplicate hand odor samples were evaluated from 10 subjects utilizing solid phase micro-extraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) and compared via Spearman Rank Correlations. Narrowing the compounds considered for each subject to only those common in all three samples, or a subject's "primary odor constituents," produced a greater degree of both individualization and discrimination; at both correlation thresholds of 0.9 and 0.8, the individuals were correctly discriminated and identified in 99.54% of the cases.     

Personal Identification Using the Frontal Sinus*

Abstract: The frontal sinuses are known to be unique to each individual; however, no one has tested the independence of the frontal sinus traits to see if probability analysis through trait combination is a viable method of identifying an individual using the frontal sinuses. This research examines the feasibility of probability trait combination, based on criteria recommended in the literature, and examines two other methods of identification using the frontal sinuses: discrete trait combinations and superimposition pattern matching. This research finds that most sinus traits are dependent upon one another and thus cannot be used in probability combinations. When looking at traits that are independent, this research finds that metric methods are too fraught with potential errors to be useful. Discrete trait combinations do not have a high enough discriminating power to be useful. Only superimposition pattern matching is an effective method of identifying an individual using the frontal sinuses.     

德国刑法中的双重罪过立法及其对我国的借鉴意义

德国刑法中的双重罪过立法主要是指罪过由对行为的故意与对结果的过失组合而成的故意犯罪的立法,主要分布在公共危险之犯罪中,共涉及20余个罪名。双重罪过立法严格贯彻了明确性原则、责任主义和刑罚个别化,体现了较为鲜明的法治立场。我国刑法总则把罪过形式的判断根据明确限定为"危害社会的结果",但分则对部分犯罪的罪过形式规定不明确,致使难以解释抽象危险犯的罪过形式,在侵害犯和具体危险犯上难以贯彻责任主义,同时无法消除罪过形式解释上的混乱。从德国刑法中的双重罪过立法来看,在完善我国刑法中的罪过立法时,不仅应当满足判断罪过形式的实际需要,更应当注重贯彻法治对刑法的基本要求,同时还应坚持刑法文本的逻辑性和适度性。