小学高年级儿童气质对父母教养方式的影响

采用MCYQ儿童气质问卷和EMBU父母教养方式评定问卷调查了80名小学四、五年级学生的气质及其父母的教养方式。结果表明：小学高年级儿童的气质只与父母教养方式的情感温暖、理解，惩罚严厉和拒绝否认三个维度显著相关。儿童气质对父母教养方式的影响存在共性和差异，节律性、适应性和坚持性与父母亲的教养方式都显著相关，而情绪、注意品质和反应阈只和母亲的教养行为显著相关。影响父母教养方式的积极气质因素为节律性强、适应迅速、坚持性强和注意不易分散，消极因素为活动量大、适应缓慢、趋避性为易接近、注意易分散等。难养型和偏难养型儿童，其母亲较少表现情感温暖、理解行为，较多给予惩罚严厉和拒绝否认行为。     

从“儿时不识月”说起——谈李白的诗中之月

李白诗中之月,在其人生的各个时期,呈现着不同的状态;李白的诗中之月,是各个时期性情的真实体现。笔者通过对李白性情变迁的逐步分析,阐释其诗中之月的文学内涵,对李白诗中庞杂的月意象进行梳理,揭示其发展的规律,并进一步探究李白爱月的深层根源。     

论图书馆心理学在图书馆业务工作中的应用

图书馆心理学是一门交叉学科,运用读者学、图书馆学、心理学、社会学、管理学等诸多理论来研究文献交流过程中的心理现象及规律。分析研究读者心理及馆员心理,有助于图书馆科学地总结为读者服务的经验,提高服务质量和效率。在图书馆的参考咨询、采购、分编、流通阅览等业务工作部门,充分利用图书馆心理学,充分利用不同人的不同性格气质来分配安排工作,有助于做到人尽其才。     

法律职业中的女性

女性参与法律职业的历史告诉我们,女性曾经被拒之于法律职业的门外。但是经过相当长时间的历史发展,现在女性人数在司法界快速增长,比例提高,女性在法律职业和法学研究中的地位不断提高,从而使更多的女性价值和女性经验得以实现。女性及女性思维给法律和司法带来了新鲜空气和变革力量,法律和司法的形象和理念也在发生微妙的变化。     

培养下岗职工的健康心态

各级政府及工会组织要在解决下岗职工再就业问题的同时,切实关注他们的心理健康,认真进行心理咨询和心理培训,完善其心理防御机制,这是关系到社会稳定及践行“三个代表”重要思想的大问题。     

Effortful control,negative emotionality,and juvenile recidivism: an empirical test of DeLisi and Vaughn’s temperament-based theory of antisocial behavior

Recently, DeLisi and Vaughn articulated a temperament-based theory of antisocial behavior which they expressed as the first within criminology to use temperament explicitly, and as the exclusive explanatory construct of both antisocial behavior and negative interactions with the criminal justice system. We provide an initial empirical test of the theory’s two main constructs of effortful control (EC) and negative emotionality (NE) with respect to juvenile offending using a sample of 27,712 adjudicated youth. Cox regressions reveal youth with lower levels of EC and those with higher NE re-offend faster, controlling for demographics plus many prominent risk factors. Furthermore, the approximately 5% of youth at the extreme ends of both low EC and high NE evidence higher recidivism rates and faster time to failure. The findings show strong initial support for temperament theory, and we discuss relevancy for future research, prevention and intervention.     

“情性”还是“性情”：中国诗歌价值取向的分野

中国诗论中“吟咏情性”与“吟咏性情”有着巨大的不同，标志着两种诗学理路。“吟咏情性”的主要内涵是“情”，是由“感物”而来的“感”情，与“性”的关系不大；而“吟咏性情”的主要内涵则是“性”，由“性”而来的“情”。早期理论以“情性论”为主，宋明以来则主要是“性情论”。“情性论”的“情”个体感性维度明显，“性情论”的“情”则理性色彩突出，从“情性”到“性情”的重心转移显示了中国诗论理性化的价值取向。要用“情性”与“性情”的双重视野来看待中国古代诗论中的“情”才较为全面。在这种双重视野下来审视中国的“抒情传统”，则会有不同的答案。     

Antinomies of race: diversity and destiny in Kant

ABSTRACT

Larrimore's essay reads Kant's pioneering work in the theory of race in the context of his thought as a whole. Kant wrote on race for most of his career; at different stages of his thinking, race assured meaning in human diversity, confirmed the value of a practical-reason-informed understanding of human destiny, and provided a model for the ‘pragmatic’ knowledge of what ‘man can and should make of himself’. ‘Race’ was invented in 1775 as an advertisement for the new disciplines of geography and anthropology that Kant inaugurated and promoted throughout his career. Giving new meaning to a foreign (French) term associated with animal husbandry, Kant presented the (supposedly) exceptionlessly hereditary traits of race as the first fruit of a truly scientific ‘natural history’ of humanity. His concerns were not merely classificatory; his four-race schema, modeled on the temperaments, allowed a special status for Whites as at once a race and the transcendence of race (Kant invented ‘whiteness’ as well as ‘race’). The notion of ‘race’ was refined in essays Kant published in the 1780s, in the same journal as his celebrated essays on Enlightenment and the philosophy of history. It was given a new status, rather than displaced, by the critical turn. Granted a sanction ‘similar’ to the postulates of pure practical reason, its empirical verification would confirm Kant's whole critical system. Kant's theory of race came into its own in the 1790s, gaining wide acceptance. He relied on familiarity with it (and its lingering association with animal husbandry) in explaining the larger project of the ‘pragmatic anthropology’ without which he thought human progress impossible. Understanding how the concept of race contributed to Kant's more familiar and still appealing intellectual and practical concerns, we gain a better sense of its fateful and enduring attractiveness in subsequent eras.     

论公共精神的培养

公共精神是公民道德和公共行政伦理的基础,培养起广大公民的公共精神,才可以建设良好的公民道德和公共行政伦理.公共精神的生长空间是公共生活和公民社会,它的人格化则是公民气质,故而必须落实到对公民个体的引导上.     

当代城市青年气质特征及其影响因素分析

在快速变迁的当代中国，城市青年身上透露出了朝气蓬勃、注重自我感受、崇尚消费主义又勇于面对压力、自主学习等气质特征。上述特征的形成根源于全球化视野下的中国政治、经济、社会环境的转换以及家庭对青年成长影响机制的变迁。