违法所得问题研究

违法所得是指违法所得的一切财物的简称,在诉讼活动中占有重要地位。但是由于立法和理论研究的不足,导致司法实践中违法所得的概念不清、主体不明、数额计算不统一以及程序设计不完善等。因此,有必要对违法所得问题展开实体与程序全方位的研究,完善违法所得的处理机制。     

原产地保护制度及规则构筑之思路

原产地保护是一项在国际上已有一百多年历史的工业产权制度,在保障以某些知名商品为代表的地域产业经济良性发展和维护有序的知识产权市场化方面发挥着巨大作用。由于长期以来未建立起一套成型的原产地保护制度,我国在原产地名称上屡遭假冒、抢注等侵权。TRIPS协议明确将原产地名称(地理标志)纳入了法律的保护。因此,中国在原产地名称保护方面势必要加强力度,在立法模式、具体操作等问题上,应采取一些必要措施。     

转变政府职能推进公共服务社会化

我国政府在职能转变过程中,应该把公共服务社会化作为政府职能转变的战略重点和新的增长点,建立有效的公共服务供给体系,大力推进公共服务社会化。     

从公共危机看服务型政府

在公共危机状态下,人们希冀政府的帮助,当政府积极作为时此呼声却更强烈.因为此种政府行为的确是公民在困难情境中的"双刃剑".服务型政府的服务职能的界限是不能以服务的积极行为为借口干涉公民私权的,服务方式不是强制地要公民被动地接受,政府服务的内容主要体现在公共产品和公共服务的提供.同时,强调服务型政府的民本思想作为服务型政府的宗旨具有尤为重要的意义.     

Economics and Law of Works of Art in the Single European Market

This paper is concerned with the economic analysis of the European rules on the circulation of works of art. After reviewing the relevant literature, an economic framework of the international circulation of works of art is provided (social goals, efficiency and distributive aspects, an economic rationale for a general free trade rule integrated by selective protectionism). Using this framework the European system of circulation of works of art—resulting from the combination of the Maastricht Treaty with Regulation 3911/92 and Directive 93/7—is analysed. The main results of the analysis are: 1) the general free trade principle ruling the Single European Market is strongly limited by rules protecting national artistic heritages of member states; 2) this protectionism—working towards countries both outside and inside the European Union—is applied according to the national laws of each member state, while, contrary to what the Maastricht Treaty would call for, an artistic heritage of European significance is not defined and no autonomous role is recognized in this field to European Institutions; 3) this system shows some inconsistencies with economic theory, as strict limits to trade are not provided when they should be required by the preservation of the physical or artistic integrity of works of art, while in other cases an unduly restrained trade may derive from highly protectionist national laws and export-licencing policies of member states. Enforcement provisions are also analysed and some proposals to improve the system are advanced.     

Transnational public goods provision: the increasing role of rising powers and the case of South Africa

The paper delineates three debates, which will be conflated. One line of discussion relates to public goods at a transnational level. Here, the referencing of debates regarding the characteristics of ‘a common good’ will be of significance. A second strand addresses the group of countries known as the ‘rising powers’ and the role these countries could play towards a globalised common good. A third discussion thread analyses South Africa as a case study for the main rising power on the African continent. By creating connections between the lines of discussion, this paper drives forward the debates on how the role of rising powers can be conceptually repositioned in the light of a changing global context, and explores how these countries can respond to global challenges.     

民刑交叉视角下的假冒注册商标罪客观要件研究

假冒注册商标罪犯罪构成的客观要件与商标假冒侵权的构成存在交叉,有必要在犯罪客观要件构成的判断中吸收商标假冒侵权的判断标准。商标许可的存在应以合意说为标准,服务商标也应纳入刑法保护,相同商标是视觉上基本无差别的商标。同一种商品的判断以《商标注册用商品和服务国际分类表》《类似商品和服务区分表》为参考,综合考虑一般公众的认识。商标使用的判断需要加入识别来源的功能性考量。如果有证据能够证明双相同也不会导致混淆,则可排除犯罪成立。在商品类别比对中应以核定使用的商品范围为据,但对连续三年不使用的商标不宜提供刑事保护。     

The effect of alliance membership on national defense burdens, 1953–88: A test of Mancur Olson's theory of collective action

Olson and Zeckhauser (1966) offered the first theoretical explanation for variation in the defense burdens of allies. Since then, the theory of collective action (Olson, 1971 [1965]) has been extensively tested using the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact (WTO). While most studies indicate that allied defense burdens (the ratio of military expenditures to gross domestic product) are correlated with economic size, this relationship has rarely been assessed for non‐allied states. Here we examine the association between national defense burdens and economic size, 1953–1988, for NATO, the WTO, the Rio Pact, and the Arab Collective Security Pact in a nested test using most of the non‐allied nations of the world as a control group. Our results generally support the theory. NATO and the Warsaw Pact consistently conform to theoretical expectations, and evidence regarding the Rio Pact, on balance, is positive. Defense burdens are not correlated with economic size within the Arab Pact, however. In addition, nations’ defense burdens are affected by the external threat, as indicated by arms races and war; but the effect of involvement in war is surprisingly small.     

欧盟过境货物知识产权保护最新态势——兼评欧洲法院“NOKIA”案和“PHILLIPS”案

自2008年10月以来,在欧盟一些海关屡屡发生过境货物遭到扣押的事件,尤其是荷兰海关屡次扣押印度等国的过境药品,引起国际社会的极大关注.英国和比利时法院分别在审理“NOKIA”案和“PHIILIPS”案过程中对过境货物是否扣押产生疑问,并向欧洲法院提出咨询.近期欧洲法院对两案合并审理,做出一项里程碑意义的判决,厘清了过境货物、 “虚拟制造”理论等基本问题,对欧盟海关的知识产权执法和法院司法都有很好的指导作用,对于我国政府和企业也不无裨益.