红外光谱法用于安钠咖中咖啡因和苯甲酸钠快速定性和定量分析

目的建立安钠咖样品中咖啡因和苯甲酸钠快速定性和定量分析的红外光谱方法。方法采用高纯度咖啡因和苯甲酸钠混合制样的方法制备定性和定量建模样品,通过分析混合样品的红外光谱图,确定安钠咖样品中咖啡因和苯甲酸钠的特征吸收峰。采用偏最小二乘法(partial least squares,PLS)建立红外光谱定量模型。结果通过分析17个咖啡因和苯甲酸钠混合样品(咖啡因纯度范围10%~80%)的红外光谱图,确定了咖啡因的特征吸收峰为1698、1650、1237、972、743、609cm-1;苯甲酸钠的特征吸收峰为1596、1548、1406、845、708、679cm-1。将所有特征吸收峰均检出作为阳性判断依据时,48个安钠咖缴获样品中咖啡因和苯甲酸钠的阳性检出率均为100%。咖啡因PLS定量模型的线性范围为10%~80%,决定系数(R2)为99.9%,交叉验证均方差(root mean square error of cross validation,RMSECV)为0.68%,预测均方差(root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP)为0.91%;苯甲酸钠PLS定量模型的线性范围为20%~90%,R2为99.9%,RMSECV为0.91%,RMSEP为1.11%。配对样本t检验结果显示,高效液相色谱法和红外光谱法的测定结果差异无统计学意义。采用所建立的红外定量方法分析48个安钠咖缴获样品,咖啡因的纯度为27.6%~63.1%,苯甲酸钠的纯度为36.9%~72.3%。结论采用红外光谱法对安钠咖样品中的咖啡因和苯甲酸钠进行快速定性和定量分析,可提高检验鉴定效率、降低检验成本。     

Nail analysis for the assessment of caffeine abuse in Northwest China: A population-based study

Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive agent worldwide and has the potential for abuse, but studies monitoring caffeine abuse in China are scarce. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of caffeine abuse in northwest China and investigate the correlation between caffeine and other drugs in hair and nails using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Fingernail clippings were collected from 376 participants in northwest China to detect caffeine and 13 other illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites. Paired hair and nail samples were collected from 39 participants to investigate the correlation between caffeine and other drugs in hair and nails. The samples were decontaminated, pulverized, and extracted by a high-throughput nail sample preparation method and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The results showed a risk of caffeine abuse in northwest China, with concentrations ranging from 0.43 to 10.6 ng/mg for healthy volunteers, 0.49–246 ng/mg for caffeine abusers, and 0.25–363 ng/mg for drug addicts in community rehabilitation centers. Caffeine was detected together with other illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites. Furthermore, positive detection correlations were found between hair and nail samples. This study provides a current perspective on caffeine abuse in northwest China and demonstrates the practical use of UPLC-MS/MS for the simultaneous detection of caffeine and 13 illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites in hair and nails. The results highlight the potential of nails as a supplementary matrix when hair samples are unavailable and emphasize the need for handling caffeine carefully given its potential for abuse.     

山西省精神药品咖啡因滥用问题

受国际毒潮泛滥和国内涉毒因素的影响，山西省面临的禁毒斗争形势十分严峻，精神药品咖啡因的滥用、贩运和制造等问题尤为突出，严重影响社会治安稳定，危害人民群众的身心健康。     

长期烫吸安钠咖对心理状态的影响

目的:探讨长期烫吸安钠咖对心理状态的影响。方法:采用《精神症状自评量表》(SCL-90)对36例长期烫吸安钠咖者和36例无精神活性物质滥用者(作为对照)进行评估。结果:长期烫吸安钠咖组在总分、总症状指数及躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对因子分上与对照组相比,差异有显著性(P<0.01或P<0.001);在阳性症状痛苦水平、恐怖、精神病性三者上两组在统计学上存在差异(P<0.05)。结论:长期烫吸安钠咖能引起明显的心理问题。希望有关部门对安钠咖滥用问题予以注意。     

海洛因、咖啡因的FTIR检验及谱图解释

目的提高用红外光谱法鉴定海洛因、咖啡因纯品、混合物伪品的水平。方法用红外光谱法有针对性地选择特征峰 ,探明海洛因、咖啡因红外光谱与结构的关系。结果获得海洛因、咖啡因的特征峰。结论该方法克服了鉴定中的盲目性。     

咖啡因对乳鼠脑皮质神经元凋亡的作用

目的考察咖啡因对乳鼠脑皮质神经元凋亡的作用。方法取出生后2-3d的乳鼠脑皮质神经元,在37℃、5%CO2、100%相对湿度的培养箱中培养7d后,分别加入终浓度为300μmol/L和1 000μmol/L的盐酸咖啡因培养液,继续培养6-36h后,流式细胞仪测定细胞内钙离子浓度、线粒体膜电位和细胞凋亡率,酶标仪测定Caspase-9的活性,电镜和Hoechst 33258荧光染色观察细胞的形态学改变。结果与正常组相比较,300μmol/L和1 000μmol/L盐酸咖啡因组在给药后6h的钙离子平均荧光强度明显增强（P〈0.05）,由正常值43.13±2.02分别增加到45.28±1.16和46.92±1.99;在给药后8h的线粒体膜电位下降最明显（P〈0.05）,由正常值443.58±11.77分别下降到289.53±16.47和165.14±14.72;在给药后10h的Caspase-9活性最高（P〈0.05）,由正常值1.00±0.000分别增加到5.33±1.02和8.33±0.92;在给药后36h的细胞凋亡率明显升高（P〈0.05）,由正常值4.94±1.74分别增加到15.98±2.03和18.70±2.09;在给药后24h荧光显微镜下见典型凋亡小体。结论咖啡因对乳鼠脑皮质神经元凋亡有促进作用。     

Microcrystal analysis of cocaine hydrochloride and added adulterants

The objective of this project was to investigate the trends of changes in the crystal morphology of cocaine in the presence of the common adulterants, caffeine and lidocaine HCl. By performing gold chloride microcrystal tests on samples of cocaine with adulterants at 10, 20, and 50% concentrations, trends in the changes of the crystal morphology can be linked to specific adulterants and concentrations. For cocaine/caffeine mixtures, the trend is elongation of one axis, additional branching, and brown discoloration of the crystals. At 50:50 cocaine/caffeine mixtures, branched spherical crystals and long needles appear. The trends for cocaine/lidocaine mixtures include elongation of one axis with an X-shaped middle axis. The axes continue to grow and branching decreases until at 50%, spherical clusters of needles appear. These results indicate microcrystal analysis can be used as a novel method for presumptively identifying not only cocaine but also the identity and concentration of the adulterant.     

液相色谱-质谱联用法测定复方氨酚烷胺胶囊人体生物等效性

目的 研究复方氨酚烷胺胶囊的人体生物等效性。方法 采用双周期交叉实验设计，22名健康男性受试者随机交叉单剂量口服复方氨酚烷胺胶囊试验制剂和参比制剂各1粒。采用液相色谱-质谱联用法测定血浆中对乙酰氨基酚（paracetamol, PAR）、金刚烷胺（amantadine, AMA）、马来酸氯苯那敏（chlorphenamine, CHL）和咖啡因（caffenine, CAF）的浓度，采用DAS3.2.5软件计算药物代谢动力学参数，并采用双侧t检验法和90%置信区间比较主要药物代谢动力学参数（cmax，tmax，t1/2和AUC0-t）。结果 受试制剂和参比制剂中PAR、AMA、CAF和CHL的AUC0→t、AUC0→∞、cmax和tmax比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 本实验方法准确、灵敏、简便，两种制剂具有生物等效性。