从APEC的独特性看它的发展前景

文章多角度,多侧面阐述了APEC的独特性及其局限性,认为APEC的诸多优势及它作为一种地区机制的价值将常存,但其论坛的性质又使人们对它难抱太大期望.     

世纪之交APEC中的新趋势--兼论中国在APEC中的政策选择

亚太经合组织(APEC)是迄今为止世界上最大的区域经济合作组织.经过十年的发展,它取得了令人注目的成绩.然而,亚洲金融危机使APEC遭受重大挫折,亚太经合组织的发展进入了一个十字路口.在世纪之交的文莱峰会上APEC内出现了一股开展FTA合作的浪潮.针对这一新的现象,人们看法不一,笔者认为,FTA合作不失为APEC走出危机的一个尝试,它的出现也是有其深刻背景和必然原因的.此外,中国应积极参与FTA合作,为加入WTO做好准备.     

APEC与中小企业的发展

中小企业是一个非常复杂的概念。中小企业为社会提供了众多的就业机会和经济增长的动力,社会就业的60%以上是由中小企业提供的。中小企业是社会财富的主要提供者,所以中小企业的发展一直是APEC关注的一个重要领域。     

The changing political economy of Taiwan‐Southeast Asia relations

This paper examines the possibility that the United States could ‘capture’ the Asia‐Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum and use it to impose America's economic agenda on the region. It discusses Washington's ability to shape the choices of APEC's East Asian members at APEC negotiations to reflect US interests through employing its military, economic, cultural, and ideological resources as instruments of leverage and influence. While interdependence constrains Washington's use of military and/or economic leverage to influence the choices of APEC's East Asian members, the complex bargaining and consensual decision‐making features of APEC further prevent Washington from imposing its agenda on APEC. On the other hand, Washington's capture of APEC could be facilitated if East Asian policy‐making elites were socialized through the APEC process to accept American norms. This would tend to lead to preference convergence since the values of both the US and East Asia would coincide. The analysis suggests, however, that American norms are unlikely to prevail within APEC in the near to medium term primarily because APEC's East Asian members consider East Asian norms to be superior. American culture and especially ideology are not sufficiently attractive to East Asian elites and are thus unable to be used as instruments of influence. For these reasons, the paper concludes that the United States will find it difficult to impose its economic agenda on the region through APEC.     

The political rationalities of regionalism: APEC and the EU in comparative perspective

Abstract

The essay is a comparative analysis of APEC and the EU, which looks at the particular sorts of economic orders these institutions are helping to create. It is argued that the two regions display some noteworthy differences that result from different approaches to the problem of economic governance. These differences reflect much more than the relative degree and level of regional institutionalization; they flow from different ‘political rationalities’ that are themselves a function of the very different liberal and illiberal polities in Europe and East Asia. Our key theoretical innovation is to use the framework of political rationality to explain different regional approaches to economic governance; more specifically we argue that the EU and the East Asian members of APEC may be understood as respectively subscribing to broadly conceived liberal and cameralist approaches to economic governance which are in turn reflected in the design of regional institutions.     

APEC发展中的存在问题及其未来拓展的路径选择

以松散性为特征的APEC在贸易自由化与投资自由化的进程、经济技术合作及协调内部次区域经济组织关系方面存在着一系列的矛盾与冲突。为有效地解决这些矛盾与冲突,APEC在发展模式与路径的选择上,要通过次区域组织自由贸易区的制度安排,一定的时期内维持松散一体化组织的现状,在坚持开放的区域方向原则的同时对其中的传统认识与运作机制进行修正。     

Emerging trends in Asia‐Pacific security: The role of Japan

A multi‐faceted approach, including the efforts (a) to maintain existing security arrangements, (b) to enhance security at the sub‐regional level in Northeast and Southeast Asia, (c) to enhance mutual reassurance among the countries in the region and (d) to deepen region‐wide economic cooperation, is vital for Asia‐Pacific security. Trends in these directions are emerging in the post‐cold war conditions. Japan‐US cooperation will continue to be the key element for the success of this approach. Changes in Japan will have positive implications for it.     

以APEC与WTO为例浅析区域贸易与多边贸易的关系

区域贸易对多边贸易的影响究竟是倾向于促进还是冲击,目前尚无定论。以APEC为例,在一定范围、程度以内,区域贸易对多边贸易的影响更多地体现在促进、补充作用,而不是冲击和削弱。     

APEC与多边贸易体制

区域集团是世界贸易组织最惠国待遇的一个最大例外。区域集团由于其本身固有的排他性 ,势必会对多边贸易体制产生一定的冲击。但APEC却通过自己独特的合作机制将这种消极影响减少到最低限度 ,开创了区域合作的创新之路。本文在对当前主要区域经济组织进行比较研究的基础上 ,着重分析了APEC在制度创新及其与世界贸易体制的关系。接着分析了APEC在新形势下面临的挑战及我国的对策。在我国加入世界贸易组织之际 ,强调区域集团的作用具有深远的理论意义和现实意义 ,这将使我国经济在“区域集团”和“多边贸易体制”两个轮子上快速、健康、稳定地发展。     

APEC制度化发展趋势的经济因素分析

近些年来,APEC(亚太经济合作组织)由非机制化逐步走向制度化的发展新趋势日益明显,其深层次的经济因素在于:一是APEC在贸易投资自由化与经济技术合作进程中矛盾的存在及其解决需要形成一种以“硬约束”为特征的制度化运作机制;二是为避免有关的“搭便车”行为并进而有效地监控成员和非成员的自由化行为也要求产生一种规范化的制度约束;三是集体行动的效率与监督成本的降低也迫切要求强化制度约束;四是区域经济一体化的制度安排是否有效也是APEC能否实现其一体化目标的重要前提。