Successful STR and SNP typing of FTA Card samples with low amounts of DNA after DNA extraction using a Qiagen BioRobot EZ1 Workstation

FTA Cards (GE Healthcare) have been used for more than 4 years in Denmark for the collection of buccal cells as reference samples in crime cases. Semi-automated protocols for STR typing of DNA on punches of FTA Cards are routinely used. In average, full STR profiles were generated from approximately 95% of the FTA Cards with a standard punching protocol, while partial or no STR profile were obtained from 5% of the samples. Here, the Qiagen BioRobot^® EZ1 Workstation (Qiagen) and the EZ1 DNA Investigator Kit (Qiagen) was used to extract DNA from 29 FTA Cards from which a complete STR profile was not generated with the standard punching protocol. All 29 samples were successfully typed with the AmpF?STR^® Identifiler™ PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems) and with the SNPforID 49plex SNP assay. The lowest amount of DNA that resulted in complete STR and SNP profiles was 80 pg. The STR and SNP profiles were identical to those generated from another sample collected from each of the 29 individuals.     

论信用卡诈骗罪

信用卡诈骗罪有两种基本类型 :一是利用他人名义下的信用卡诈骗 ;二是利用自己名义下的信用卡诈骗。盗窃信用卡并使用的 ,其性质仍然是利用信用卡诈骗 ,不宜定盗窃罪。恶意透支不具有诈骗的实质 ,不宜定信用卡诈骗罪 ,有必要另立罪名。     

The identification of credit card encoders by hierarchical cluster analysis of the jitters of magnetic stripes

The relative bit density variation graphs of 207 specimen credit cards processed by 12 encoding machines were examined first visually, and then classified by means of hierarchical cluster analysis. Twenty-nine credit cards being treated as 'questioned' samples were tested by way of cluster analysis against 'controls' derived from known encoders. It was found that hierarchical cluster analysis provided a high accuracy of identification with all 29 'questioned' samples classified correctly. On the other hand, although visual comparison of jitter graphs was less discriminating, it was nevertheless capable of giving a reasonably accurate result.     

伪造信用卡犯罪中的伪造行为内涵与对象研究

刑法中伪造信用卡犯罪中的伪造不仅包括仿制其物理外观的形式伪造,还应包括将权利人信息写入磁条介质、芯片等的内容伪造。作为伪造对象的信用卡应当是具有物理载体的实体卡片,事实上不存在对虚拟信用卡的伪造。以虚假身份骗领无对应实体卡的虚拟信用卡应视为妨害信用卡管理罪中的骗领信用卡行为;利用权利人既有实体卡信息,复制虚拟信用卡的行为系对他人信用卡信息资料的非法使用而非伪造。有关伪造信用卡犯罪刑法规定的立法原意并不包含伪造空白信用卡,伪造空白信用卡具有严重的社会危害性,理应将其纳入刑法规制范围,以保持与妨害信用卡管理罪刑法规定的协调。不能通过司法解释改变立法原意,现行刑法中伪造信用卡犯罪的伪造含义应有相应的调整。     

“伪造空白信用卡”行为的刑法分析

通过《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(五)》,我国刑法对于涉及信用卡的犯罪规定有较大的修改和补充。对于伪造信用卡的伪造行为、使用行为、持有、运输等一系列行为都作了规定,但是,对于伪造空白信用卡的行为却态度不明。出罪还是入罪?在持有、运输伪造的空白信用卡都可能构成犯罪的情况下,伪造空白信用卡理应入罪。在没有刑法明文规定的前提下,入罪有违罪刑法定原则。     

谈中国的“绿卡”制度

我国公安部、外交部2004年8月发布并实施了外国人在中国永久居留审批管理办法,这标志着中国“绿卡”制度的正式实施。实施“绿卡”制度以后,中国吸收了大量的外国人才,为我国的经济发展奠定了基础,但是也暴露出我国在外国人管理中存在的瓶颈问题。随着“绿卡”制度的不断完善,我国将吸收越来越多的高层次人才,这必将为我国经济的发展带来强大的动力。在“绿卡”制度的发展上,我国要不断总结之前的经验教训,不断开拓创新,才能使其更好地为我国的发展作出更大的贡献。