辩诉交易程序中的被害人问题研究——以英、美为中心

在国内学界激烈争论的辩诉交易程序之中,被害人的权利缺失与权利保障是一个尚未被触及的领域,而这一问题正是已经在立法上采纳了辩诉交易的国家围绕着该制度的存废所探讨的核心问题,本文在考察了英美两国辩诉交易中被害人地位以及权利的问题之后,从确立被害人权利的合理界限的角度提出了构建符合诉讼各方利益的我国新型辩诉交易制度框架的设想。     

How Surrogate Impact Panels Function in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence: A Mixed-Methods Study

ABSTRACT

Intimate partner violence (IPV) continues to be an urgent social problem, despite decades of intervention and prevention efforts. Restorative justice programs (e.g., victim impact panels) may be a useful addition to intimate partner violence (IPV) intervention, but it is unclear how these panels operate and to what extent they are consistent with restorative justice models. This naturalistic study of IPV surrogate impact panels used ethnographic observation of panels (n = 18), archival analysis of audience responses to the panel (N = 287), and focus groups and interviews (k = 4) with IPV survivors, an audience member, and batterer intervention providers to investigate these gaps. Findings suggest the panels manifest interactional processes consistent with restorative justice principles. Implications, limitations, and future aims of research on these panels are discussed.     

刑事被害人过错认定的若干实务问题

被害人过错作为酌定从轻情节,在刑事司法实践中广为适用,但由于我国刑法对被害人过错的认定和适用无具体、明确的规定,加之理论研究很不够,导致审判实践中法官认识不一,适用相并,造成相当混乱。本文结合审判实践,阐析了刑事被害人过错责任的特征、类型及刑罚适用,并提出将被害人过错责任这一酌定从轻情节法定化的立法建议。     

检察机关刑事被害人救助追偿制度构建

检察机关刑事被害人救助制度实施以来,取得了一定成效,但也存在具体追偿制度缺位等诸多问题。一般而言,检察机关刑事被害人救助追偿制度仅指向加害方追偿。目前,刑事被害人救助追偿制度的建构具有立法、理论和实践上的依据,具体应包括发现、追偿、处置、救济四种机制。为实现该制度的长效化,除追偿资金外,还可以探索将追缴的犯罪所得及收益、罚金和没收的财产、监管场所在押人员的劳动创收等全部或者部分纳入刑事被害人救助资金,以拓宽其资金来源渠道。     

优先：刑事被害人权益保护的理念重塑

以往刑法学、犯罪学理论由于将＂国家权益＂或＂被告人权益＂等诸多权益凌驾于＂被害人权益＂之上产生的悖论在现实表明：被害人权益保护的地位未得到合理的重视。或者说,在诸多权益权衡之间,被害人权益总是不得不让位于其他权益,然而只有被害人权益保护才是刑事法治中具有终极意义的根本正义。因此,在出现被害人权益与其他权益出现冲突的情况下,必须坚持被害人权益保护的实质优先性,实现最初的人本关怀。     

论推定被害人承诺的成立要件

推定被害人承诺是和被害人承诺相关的一种特殊情形,它体现了对被害人自主决定权的尊重。它具有紧急避险的某些特征,成为阻却违法性事由的根据之一。推定承诺应遵循严格的条件限制,应当从前提条件、主观条件、实质条件、限制条件、行为条件五个方面对推定被害人承诺的成立要件进行构建。     

被害人报警意愿的诉讼法视角分析

刑事被害人学已成为刑事法学界研究的热点，但对被害人报警意愿的研究却是相当匮乏。以刑事诉讼法具体的程序操作层面为分析路径．解读被害人不愿报警的深层法律原因，建立检察机关的起诉政策间接影响警察机关记录活动与被害人报警意愿的双重模式。     

Intimate Partner Violence Victims’ Accuracy in Assessing their Risk of Re-abuse

Using four categories of accuracy (true positive, false positive, true negative, false negative), this study explored (1) how accurately intimate partner violence (IPV) victims are able to assess their risk of re-abuse; and (2) potential predictors of accuracy. Women seeking help for IPV (N = 246) rated the likelihood that they would experience physical re-abuse in the coming year and then reported 18 months later whether those risks had been realized. Victim assessments were more likely to be right than wrong, and were subject to neither a pessimistic nor optimistic bias. In the multivariate analysis, significant/marginally significant predictors of the accuracy categories were the history of violence from this and former partners, level of substance use, PTSD symptoms, and the recency of the violence. Among the more robust findings were the connection between level of stalking and true positives, and between substance use and false negatives. This study suggests that victim assessments have significant potential to inform practice, and deserve further exploration.

Finding a Safer Harbor: Mandating Health Care Clinics to Intervene in Child Sex Trafficking by Amending the Safe Harbor Act

When it comes to child sex trafficking, health care clinics have become spaces of duality. While these facilities provide medical care to child victims, many argue that this facilitates traffickers in concealing evidence of child sex trafficking. This Note proposes an amendment to New York's Safe Harbor Act and various sections of the Social Services Law to cure legislative ambiguity with respect to health care clinics. The amendment will mandate that all state‐run health care clinics implement a uniform process, utilizing mental health professionals and a standardized interview process, to identify and report instances of potential child sex trafficking.     

PROTECTING LIVES,CAREERS, AND PUBLIC CONFIDENCE: FLORIDA'S EFFORTS TO PREVENT OFFICER‐INVOLVED DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Florida's innovative Law Enforcement Families Partnership (LEFP) was created to reduce and prevent officer‐involved domestic violence in the state. Administered by the Institute for Family Violence Studies at Florida State University and supported by the criminal justice and victim's advocacy communities, the LEFP is the first statewide project of its kind. It includes several components, the cornerstone of which is an online curriculum that teaches officers about the dynamics and consequences of domestic violence perpetrated by officers. This article describes the project and early data from the surveys attached to the curriculum.