试论文化研究的基本思路

文化研究的基本思路大致可以这样概括 :1 文化首先是一个特定群体共同拥有的意义系统 ,它最基本的功能就是确立和强化一个特定群体 ;文化发展的途径是通过个体与群体的冲突 ,生成新的符号系统 ,乃至生成新的内在法则。 2 文化是一个开放的能量交换系统 ,它服从于热力学第一定律和热力学第二定律 ;任何文化现象都是直接或间接地根据这两个定律服务于能量的转换 ;心理能量是能量摄取和转换水平的关键 ,但是心理能量的开发不是技术性的 ,而是象征性的。 3 人文科学的非线性特征 ,要求田野工作应该是一个多学科专家共同参与进行的系统工程     

熵理论与家族企业管理改革

本文与一般企业管理论文相区别的一点是研究的范式不同,通过将热力学系统中的熵理论引入,从熵与负熵的角度去思考企业的管理原理,进而对有中国特色的家族企业管理进行了定性分析。     

基于熵的环境法调整对象刍议简

环境法的调整对象是环境法学研究的重要问题之一,但环境法究竟是调整人与人之间的关系还是调整人与自然的关系一直以来都存在着很大争议.学者们出于侧重人类中心主义或生态中心主义的环境观的不同,在环境法是否能够调整人与自然关系的问题上持有不同的观点.本文基于熵的理论研究方法,兼采耗散结构论、协同论、系统论等科学研究成果认为,环境法调整的是人类影响自然环境的稳定状态的活动与自然环境的自身运动之间的协调关系,简而言之,即人与自然的关系.     

Evaluating the Role of Race in Sentencing: An Entropy Weighting Analysis

The current study builds on prior research examining racial disparities in sentencing. Entropy weighting is introduced as a new method for estimating racial disparities that has several advantages over traditionally used methods. Entropy weighting is compared to regression and propensity score methods in estimating Black-White disparities in incarceration sentences. Although all methods find non-significant racial disparities in incarceration sentences, regression and propensity score methods underestimate disparities in incarceration sentence lengths. Entropy weighting provides comparable estimates to propensity score methods, but assures that the samples are identical on all covariates aside from race. The method offers researchers a useful and flexible approach for estimating racial disparities in criminal justice, and its use may lead to alternative conclusions about the size and presence of racial disparities in sentencing.     

基于熵理论的网络舆情系统分析

网络舆情系统是通过自组织使各子系统协同作用从而使系统演化为具有一定有序程度的耗散结构.网络舆情系统熵变揭示了舆情的演变过程,构成舆情系统的四个因素（噪音）决定了熵值大小,也即系统的有序度.因此我们在舆情导控上不但要把握好处理的时间点,同时也要把握好处理的关键点.     

Information‐Theoretical Assessment of the Performance of Likelihood Ratio Computation Methods

Performance of likelihood ratio (LR) methods for evidence evaluation has been represented in the past using, for example, Tippett plots. We propose empirical cross‐entropy (ECE) plots as a metric of accuracy based on the statistical theory of proper scoring rules, interpretable as information given by the evidence according to information theory, which quantify calibration of LR values. We present results with a case example using a glass database from real casework, comparing performance with both Tippett and ECE plots. We conclude that ECE plots allow clearer comparisons of LR methods than previous metrics, allowing a theoretical criterion to determine whether a given method should be used for evidence evaluation or not, which is an improvement over Tippett plots. A set of recommendations for the use of the proposed methodology by practitioners is also given.     

Families in need of supervision

Abstract

Even judiciaries that do not have histories of serious or pervasive corruption need to be watchful lest what I refer to as judicial corrosion occurs. Drawing on studies of institutional entropy, I identify some of the external and internal sources of such corrosion and comment briefly on challenges that face its prevention or repair within the judicial realm.     

Estimating voter migration in Canada using generalized maximum entropy

As voters switch political preferences from election to election, understanding the magnitude of voter flows among parties and transitions between voters and non-voters is an essential element of political analysis. As exit polls are uncommon in Canada, voter migration can also be estimated using suitable statistical techniques. Backing out micro-level voter migration probabilities from macro-level election data is a problem of ‘ecological inference.’ This paper uses the method of generalized maximum entropy (GME) to estimate voter migration patterns for the two most recent Canadian federal elections (2004 and 2006) and two most recent provincial elections in British Columbia (2001 and 2005). The estimation results answer important questions about voter behaviour in Canada. These results will be of interest to political scientists, historians, and politicians, as well as econometric practitioners who wish to estimate voter migration.     

信息熵及其在信息安全领域中的若干应用

随着全球信息化时代的到来，信息安全的重要性已经被提高到国家的战略层面上，其涉及的范围覆盖了从个人隐私到国家安全，因此，信息理论与信息技术在现代信息社会有着重要的地位。信息熵是信息论的基本概念，可被广泛应用于许多信息安全领域。本文首先通过一些实例阐述了信息熵的内涵以及在信息鉴别、信源编码等方面可运用的方法，然后详细分析了信息熵在密码学、数字图像加密、加密数据流检测等信息安全领域的典型案例，提出了在分类和聚类问题上运用信息熵的一般性方法。