3种甲苯胺蓝异染肥大细胞方法的比较

目的比较3种甲苯胺蓝异染肥大细胞方法的应用性。方法采用甲苯胺蓝水溶液与高锰酸钾配比染色（方法一）、甲苯胺蓝酒精溶液和氯化钠溶液配比（方法二）、甲苯胺蓝水溶液染色、冰醋酸分色（方法三）3种方法对人和小鼠肺组织冰冻切片进行染色,比较染色结果、并评价方法稳定性及实用性。结果方法一染色肺组织切片,结果切片蓝色背景清晰,肥大细胞胞质内紫红色颗粒鲜明,与背景蓝色对比度高,易辨识,且多次重复染色效果稳定;方法二及方法三肺组织的蓝染背景、和肥大细胞胞浆颗粒的紫红色染之间的对比度均不及方法一清晰,稳定性亦次之。结论甲苯胺蓝水溶液与高锰酸钾配比染色法异染肺组织冰冻切片,结果清晰、操作简便且稳定性好,适合在相关检验中选用。     

The Ascent Of Haba Snow Mountain

正IN 1995,a group of Chinese mountaineers reached the summit of Haba Snow Mountain,5,396 meters above sea level,making it the highest snow peak in Yunnan Province to be conquered by humans.The mountain,in the eyes of professional mountaineers,is"entry level."However,to amateurs,it is a game for the brave.At 10 a.m.on October 5,2013,I,along with 17teammates and a group coordinator,reached the top of Haba.Standing next to the altitude mark,I texted"I made it!"to my family.The message was simple but we all knew it was hard earned.     

Frozen human bone: a microscopic investigation

The taphonomic effects of prolonged extreme cold and freezing on human bone have received little research attention. Questions of specific interest include whether previously frozen bone can be identified and whether freezing alters the structural integrity enough to prevent histological aging. There is no evidence from previous studies that freezing damages the structural integrity, and to date no research investigating the freezing process on bone microstructure has been undertaken. This research attempts to distinguish histologically previously frozen bone from nonfrozen bone by identifying patterned defects. To determine the effects of freezing in bone microstructure using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), several human bone sections were subjected to prolonged freezing and allowed to thaw before thin sectioning. Light microscopy failed to demonstrate statistically significant differences between frozen and nonfrozen specimens. SEM analysis revealed fractures, although these lacked pattern and did not occur systematically throughout the section. Evidence of microstructural changes caused by liquid expansion, however, was remarkable but did not alter the structural integrity of the microstructure. The results of this study suggest that freezing does not alter the process of histomorphological analysis.     

Frozen: Thawing and Its Effect on the Postmortem Microbiome in Two Pediatric Cases,

Previous postmortem microbiome studies have focused on characterizing taxa turnover during an undisturbed decomposition process. How coexisting conditions (e.g., frozen, buried, burned) affect the human microbiome at the time of discovery is less well understood. Microbiome data were collected from two pediatric cases at the Wayne County Medical Examiner in Michigan. The bodies were found frozen, hidden in a freezer for an extended time. Microbial communities were sampled from six external anatomic locations at three time points during the thawing process, prior to autopsy. The 16S rRNA V4 gene amplicon region was sequenced using high‐throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). Microbial diversity increased, and there was a distinct shift in microbial community structure and abundance throughout the thawing process. Overall, these data demonstrate that the postmortem human microbiome changes during the thawing process, and have important forensic implications when bodies have been substantially altered, modified, and concealed after death.     

不同固定液对冷冻组织病理切片HE染色质量比较

目的探讨选择不同固定液处理冷冻病理组织HE切片质量的效果。方法选择我中心冷冻后尸体法医病理解剖100例,冷冻温度为-22±3℃,针对心、肝、脑以及肺选择6种不同固定液处理组织块并制作HE切片,对切片质量进行对比分析。结果不同固定液针对不同冷冻脏器处理效果有显著差异,各组HE切片观察结果显示:甲醇固定液处理脑组织处理更优,EAF固定液处理心肌组织更优,10%中性甲醛处理肝脏组织更优,丙酮固定液处理肺组织更优。结论不同脏器因其组织结构及细胞所含成分不同,选择相应固定液能有效改善或缓解因冷冻后对组织及细胞带来的不良效应。     

Transnistrian strategy in the context of Russian–Ukrainian relations: the rise and failure of ‘dual alignment’

Abstract

The diversification of allegiances with several more powerful states is seen as a way for minor actors to improve their strategic position in the international system. The result, however, could become less than desirable when these relations are both essential and contradictory. This article intends to examine the challenges for Transnistrian foreign policy through the concepts of bandwagoning and balancing. It uses alternative neorealist perspectives to identify various types of alignment and then examines how this landlocked territorial entity attempts to use relations with Russia and Ukraine to protect its statehood and identity in the context of the ongoing threat from Moldova. This article identifies that twice in the last decade (after the Orange Revolution and Euromaidan), the strategy of ‘dual alignment’ failed. It claims that recent attempts by both the EU and Ukraine to weaken Russia’s position in the region by isolating Transnistria has led to a further strengthening of ties between this actor and Moscow.