我国测谎技术的生理心理学研究综述

我国“测谎”技术的生理心理学研究集中在多道心理测试技术研究和脑电波测试技术研究两个方面,两者各有优点与不足,并都易受多种因素的影响。尽快确立测谎的统一标准和指标是发展我国的“测谎”技术亟待解决的问题。     

测谎结论在证据网络体系中的价值解析——兼论测谎结论证据地位的发展趋势

测谎技术作为一项查明案件事实真相,揭露谎言的重要刑事技术在案件的侦查过程中发挥着越来越重要的作用,但国内外理论界对测谎技术的应用和测谎结论的法律地位却莫衷一是,争议颇多。因此文章在分析测谎结论证据资格以及目前法律地位的基础上,对测谎结论作为证据使用的可能性和未来发展趋势进行了诠释,以期进一步明晰测谎结论在证据网络中的价值。     

测谎技术中的相关问题研究

新形势下刑侦工作要继承和发扬传统经验,更要用科学理念指导现代刑侦工作。测谎技术作为刑侦工作的辅助手段之一,无疑有其特殊的地位和作用。文章详细讨论了测谎技术发展历程、理论依据、工作原理及国内、外应用现状。这项新技术将在社会发展和科技进步的各个领域中,发挥其应有的作用。     

ID‐Check: Online Concealed Information Test Reveals True Identity

The Internet has already changed people's lives considerably and is likely to drastically change forensic research. We developed a web‐based test to reveal concealed autobiographical information. Initial studies identified a number of conditions that affect diagnostic efficiency. By combining these moderators, this study investigated the full potential of the online ID‐check. Participants (n = 101) tried to hide their identity and claimed a false identity in a reaction time‐based Concealed Information Test. Half of the participants were presented with personal details (e.g., first name, last name, birthday), whereas the others only saw irrelevant details. Results showed that participants′ true identity could be detected with high accuracy (AUC = 0.98; overall accuracy: 86–94%). Online memory detection can reliably and validly detect whether someone is hiding their true identity. This suggests that online memory detection might become a valuable tool for forensic applications.     

论测谎结论的证据价值

测谎技术的产生时间并不长,但其在诉讼活动中的应用却日趋增多,对测谎结论的证据价值的争议也开始在法学界显现。在我国,应以与时俱进的态度看待测谎结论,在了解测谎技术科学性的基础上,将测谎结论设定为鉴定结论形式中的"有限采用"辅助证据,从而更好地为司法实践提供帮助。     

Déjà vu! The effect of previewing test items on the validity of the Concealed Information polygraph Test

Abstract

This research compares resident, peer and staff reports of bullying and victimization in one open facility and one secure facility for young offenders. The prevalence of bullies and victims was higher according to resident reports (self-reports) than according to peer or staff reports. There was significant agreement between residents, peers, and staff in identifying bullies and victims. The majority of bullies and victims identified by peers and/or staff were also identified by self-reports. Making the plausible assumption that bullies and victims tend to be concealed, it is concluded that self-reports (in the context of an individual interview) provide the most reliable and valid information about bullies and victims in young offender institutions. Hence, anti-bullying strategies should be based on self-report data.     

A case study of a male sex offender with zoosexual interests and behaviours

Abstract

This paper reviews assessment, treatment and supervision issues in relation to a high-risk, borderline functioning, male sex offender with zoosexual interests and behaviours. Mr Z was convicted of multiple sexual offences including rape, indecent assault and indecent exposure as well as actual and threatened bodily harm. He was convicted for two counts of attempted buggery of horses and he received a Probation Order to engage in group and individual work, as deemed appropriate. Significant treatment challenges emerged due to his cognitive/intellectual difficulties, coping problems (including anger management issues) and dissimulation. Further, continuing evidence of high-risk behaviours associated with his index offence as well as previously identified patterns of offending were reported. Ongoing concerns prompted a referral for a polygraph examination to gain additional information about Mr Z's offence history and to achieve a better understanding of his treatment needs. These findings are discussed and specific attention is focused on Mr Z's zoosexual behaviours.     

犯罪心理测试反测试及其对策

犯罪心理测试技术是在甄别嫌疑人过程中使用的测谎方法.但由于测试中的原理机制等问题,反测试手段可以以多种方式对测过程和测试结果进行干扰.加强犯罪心理测试中的监控并提高反测试识别技术,可以较好地应对测试中出现的反测试.反测试的出现本身就是逃避测试的表现,一旦发现被测人存在反测试行为或心理,则应重点对其进行调查.随着新技术的发展,脑电测试结合测谎范式进行检测有了一定的研究基础,为今后的测谎方式提供了更多的选择.     

心理测试技术的误差分析

心理测试技术测试误差主要来自被测对象、题目编制、测试实施过程等三个相对独立的方面,且随机误差和系统误差的权重也不同。对被测对象的个别化、动态化处理,科学的编题,适当的测前访谈,动态、整体、多因素参考的评图等能有效提高测试准确性。     

测谎结论的制度之维:交困于理想与现实之间

测谎技术对案件事实的证明发挥着重要的作用。测谎技术在我国司法实践中已大量使用,但现行法律却未对其法律属性、适用规则等加以规范。不仅使测谎结论的适用无法可依,也制约了测谎技术的进一步发展。