产品责任:北美视角的比较法评论

美国采纳严格产品责任的主要原因是:早期的法律不能给消费者提供充分的保护;调整保证的法律不是从消费者的角度出发的;美国的社会福利很大程度上不如其他西方国家。当今美国主要对于设计和信息性缺陷适用过失责任制度,严格产品制度仅适用于制造缺陷和非制造缺陷的销售者。欧洲和其他法域的严格产品制度远比美国严格。各种结构化和程序化的事务赋予美国公民更多诉至法院的机会。     

中国法学向何处去(续)——对梁治平“法律文化论”的批判

1978至2004年,中国法学在取得很大成就的同时也暴露出了它的问题,而它的根本问题就是未能为评价、批判和指引中国法制发展提供作为理论判准和方向的“中国法律理想图景”。这是一个没有中国法律理想图景的法学时代。据此,要对“中国为什么会缺失中国自己的法律理想图景”这个理论论题尝试给出回答,并对中国法学这一时代进行“总体性”的反思和批判。较为具体地讲,采用经过界定的“范式”分析概念,对中国法学中四种不同甚或存有冲突的理论模式即“权利本位论”、“法条主义”、“本土资源论”和“法律文化论”进行了深入探究。中国法学之所以无力引领中国法制发展,实是因为它们都受一种“现代化范式”的支配,而这种“范式”不仅间接地为中国法制发展提供了一幅“西方法律理想图景”,而且还使中国法学论者意识不到他们所提供的不是中国自己的“法律理想图景”;同时,这种占支配地位的“现代化范式”因无力解释和解决因其自身的作用而产生的各种问题,最终导致了作者所谓的“范式”危机。正是在批判“现代化范式”的基础上,我们必须结束这个受“西方现代化范式”支配的法学旧时代,开启一个自觉研究“中国法律理想图景”的法学新时代。     

Children’s Direct Exposure to Types of Domestic Violence Crime: A Population-based Investigation

Police officers served as public health sentinels to collect data on children exposed to domestic violence across an entire municipality for 1 year. This study extended research by investigating a typology of domestic violence crimes and children’s direct sensory exposure to these types. Police officers used a standard, validated protocol to collect data on all substantiated domestic violence. Findings revealed that almost half of all events had children present, and 81% of these children were directly exposed to the violence. Children under the age of 6 years old were at greater risk of exposure. Identified domestic violence households with children were more likely to be low-income, non-White, and headed by a single female, compared to households at large. Cluster analysis revealed seven domestic violence event profiles. Typology showed that children were disproportionately exposed to the most unstable and dangerous profiles including weapon use, mutual assault, and substance abuse.     

政府创新的类型与特征——基于“中国地方政府创新奖”获奖项目的多案例研究

尽管关于中国地方政府创新积累了大量案例研究,但关于政府创新的属性、特征与类型的认识和理解仍然有待于进一步深化。利用"中国地方政府创新奖"五届共计100多个入围项目的内容分析,对中国地方政府创新的类型、特征与分布进行了经验研究。分析显示,管理创新、服务创新与合作创新是中国地方政府创新的主要类型,而技术创新与治理创新的重要性在逐步提升。东部地区的地方政府获得创新美誉的比例多于西部地区,其次是中部地区。党政机构仍然是中国地方政府创新的主力军,越来越多的社会团体和非营利组织也在加入创新的队伍。相比其他行政层级,地市和区县政府的创新精神更强。     

An analysis of science–industry collaborative patterns in a large European University

Our paper analyses the modalities according to which a large European university collaborates with firms by exploring its relational portfolio. We address this issue by exploiting a database that lists more than 1,000 firms having collaborated with the University Louis Pasteur (ULP) between 1990 and 2002. We first observe the relative importance of four collaborative channels (private contracts, European contracts, co-publications, co-inventions) across the whole population of firms. Second, using a multi-correspondence analysis, we derive a typology of collaborative patterns which underline the discriminating features of the frequency of interactions, of the exclusive versus open character of the relationships and of the nature of the collaborative channels. Four coherent classes emerge from particular combinations of these relational characteristics. Finally, using multinomial logit estimation, we show how this diversity of partnerships is connected to some individual attributes of the firms: size, status, sector and location.

A typology of hackers: Classifying cyber malfeasance using a weighted arc circumplex model

Cyber attacks continue to increase in frequency and variety, making cyber malfeasance a rising area of study and a major policy issue. Categorizing cyber attackers aids targeted organizations in efficiently directing resources to enhance security. However, extant hacker typologies do not fully account for the multifaceted nature of cyber malfeasance, including the rise in socially and ideologically motivated hacking (e.g. crowdsourcing, hacktivism). I clarify the current state of the field by uniting recent case studies on hackers with existing categorization techniques. Previous researchers have employed circumplex models—visualizations which depict relationships and boundaries between groups—as a way to organize hacker types. I propose an updated model—a weighted arc circumplex model—that is designed to represent the multidimensional nature of contemporary hacker types by offering a means of visually representing multiple motivations simultaneously. Finally, I demonstrate how archetypical circumplex models can be wed with sociograms to depict social and technical relationships between hacker groups.     

论刑民交叉及其关涉问题

刑民交叉,是指刑事案件和民事案件由于特定因素的关联而出现交叉或者并存的现象.以法律事实的个数为"统一标准",可以将刑民交叉总体上分为"多个事实关联型"刑民交叉和"同一事实竞合型"刑民交叉两类.刑民交叉案件的既有解决办法是以"先刑后民"为原则、以"刑民并行"和"先民后刑"为补充,但是这种解决办法出现的问题比较突出且反对的声音比较多.因此,刑民交叉问题对策研究期待理论创新.     

农民工的抗争行动及其对阶级形成的意义——一个类型学的分析

结构力量与结社力量对农民工阶级形成历史进程中抗争行动的表现形式、内容及其性质,具有深远的影响。基于这一判断,本文根据组织化程度和抗争的性质初步构建了一个类型学框架,将农民工的抗争行动划分为四个类型;同时,结合具体的抗争案例,分析了这些初生的抗争行动对农民工阶级形成的可能意义。     

论纯经济损失的侵权责任——从欧洲比较法展开

欧洲各国对纯经济损失的赔偿并不存在一个统一的方法,而是根据不同的侵权法规范模式分为不同的阵营.大部分国家所采用的纯经济损失不赔原则,并没有令人信服的理论依据为支撑,且其形成只是概念主义造就的一起历史事故,实践中必然产生不合理的结果.基于比较法以及法学方法论的考量,笔者主张在解决纯经济损失问题时,应摆脱抽象概念的桎梏,更多地借用"规定功能的法概念"、类型化以及法律经济学的研究方法.     

苗语量词研究述评及前瞻

目前有关苗语量词的研究主要是对苗语部分方言区的名量词的描写和分析,对苗语动量词的研究则很薄弱,对苗语各方言区的量词也缺少整体上的对比描写和分析。本文认为可以把苗语黔东方言、湘西方言、川黔滇方言三大方言区作为一个整体,全面考察苗语量词,并从语言类型学的角度出发,对苗、汉量词之间的关系作谱系内的对比研究。