针刺督脉组穴治疗血管性认知障碍临床观察

目的 观察针刺督脉组穴治疗血管性认知障碍（vascular cognitive impairment，VCI）的临床疗效。方法 将51例VCI患者随机分为针刺组（25例）和药物组（26）例，针刺组采用针刺督脉穴位神庭、百会、风府、大椎进行治疗，药物组采用口服多奈哌齐进行治疗。观察并比较治疗前后患者血清血红蛋白（hemoglobin, Hgb）水平及中医证候量表、MMSE量表、Hachinski量表、额叶功能评定量表（frontal assessment battery, FAB）评分。结果 两组治疗前Hgb水平比较，差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05）。两组治疗后Hgb水平均较治疗前显著升高（P＜0.05），且针刺组升高值显著大于药物组（P＜0.05）。两组治疗前中医证候评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。两组治疗后中医证候评分均较治疗前显著降低（P＜0.05），且针刺组降低值显著大于药物组（P＜0.05）。两组治疗前MMSE、Hachinski、FAB评分比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。与治疗前比较，两组治疗后MMSE、FAB评分均显著增加(P＜0.05)，且针刺组增加值显著大于药物组（P＜0.05）。与治疗前比较，两组治疗后Hachinski评分显著降低（P＜0.05），且针刺组降低值显著大于药物组（P＜0.05）。两组疗效分布比较，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05），针刺组疗效优于药物组。结论 针刺督脉组穴可改善VCI患者认知能力，且疗效优于多奈哌齐。     

Validation studies of rapid stain identification-blood (RSID-blood) kit in forensic caseworks

When bloodstains are detected at crime scene using presumptive tests (e.g. luminol, phenolphthalein, leuchomalachite green), it is important to establish the real human nature of each stain. This is possible using confirmatory tests. One of these is rapid stain identification-blood (RISD-blood) a lateral flow immuno-chromatographic strip test format which allows the identification of human blood by detection of glycophorin A, a red blood cell membrane antigen, using two anti-human glycophorin A (GPA) monoclonal antibodies.The aim of this study is to assess the sensitivity of RSID-blood test in old, degraded bloodstains and in some bloodstains previously treated with BlueStar Forensic, a presumptive test which is often used in crime scene investigations to detect latent bloodstains. The genetic analysis of all bloodstains of confirmed human nature was subsequently performed using the AmpF1STR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems), to validate the possibility of obtain a consistent and reliable DNA typing results.     

Development of biological standards for the quality assurance of presumptive testing reagents

Forensic scientists periodically check working test reagents with knowns or standards to verify that the presumptive testing reagents are working properly. Oftentimes, this is done with a neat body fluid such as blood or saliva that is dried onto a swab and kept in a freezer. The problem with this practice is that a degrading test reagent, for example acid phosphatase testing reagent, may test positive on a neat standard but miss a weak semen stain from a case.To ensure that presumptive testing reagents are working properly, a series of “weak” standards have been developed for the testing of acid phosphatase, amylase, creatinine and hemoglobin. The preparation and use of these biological standards will be discussed.