音乐心理剧对海洛因依赖者戒毒动机的干预

目的:研究音乐心理剧对我国海洛因依赖者的戒毒动机和操守的临床干预效果。方法:将62名女性海洛因依赖者随机分为实验组(n=31)和对照组(n=31)。实验组进行为期12周的Joseph.J.Moreno音乐心理剧临床干预;对照组常规治疗。将实验组干预后的戒毒动机与干预前及对照组进行比较;追踪所有被试的复吸情况并进行统计;对总体戒毒动机、操守率和各戒毒动机因子进行相关分析,了解干预的方法对戒毒动机和操守率的干预效果。结果:实验组总体戒毒动机与对照组和干预前相比显著提高(P<0.05);总体戒毒动机与"家庭因子"呈显著正性相关(r=0.364)。实验组操守情况(58.06%,18/31)优于对照组(35.48%,11/31),但无统计学意义上的显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:音乐心理剧临床干预对提高海洛因依赖人群的戒毒动机有明显作用,但在提高复吸率方面效果不明显。提高戒毒动机需要从家庭角度进行干预。由于文化上的差异,本法在临床运用的过程中有些技术的使用存在一定的局限性。     

防治青年女性复吸毒社会支持网络体系的建构

对青年女性群体复吸毒的防治最重要的是加强她们出戒毒所后的社会支持工作，良好的社会支持环境不仅可以有效抑制复吸冲动，而且可以使吸毒者心理行为得到矫正，增强适应社会的能力，与社会形成良好的、正常的互动，顺利回归主流社会。     

Hope in the treatment of sexual offenders: the potential application of hope theory

Abstract

The present paper attempts to demonstrate how hope theory is conceptually consistent with current positive approaches to sexual offender treatment. Hope theory and its components of goals, pathways thinking, and agentic thinking is reviewed as defined by Snyder and his colleagues. A theoretical relationship exists between the role of hope and many aspects of sexual offending and treatment. Developmental course, attachment style, and the formation and maintenance of coping styles are reviewed as they relate to hope and sexual offending. A framework by which to apply hope theory to pre-treatment, treatment, and more specifically, self-management or relapse prevention for sexual offenders is proposed. Emphasis is placed on the use of techniques that target hope components, particularly in pre-treatment programs.     

Maintaining change programmes for offenders: some suggestions for practice

Abstract

Despite the widespread acceptance that follow-up or maintenance sessions are an important part of the change process for those who have completed offender rehabilitation programmes, there have been few attempts to articulate the basis upon which such sessions might be developed. This paper reviews the current theoretical and empirical literature relating to maintenance programmes, concluding that whilst there are a number of theories which might be relevant to the design of effective maintenance programmes, there is almost no empirical basis from which to make any assessment of their likely value or effectiveness.     

戒毒人员复吸的原因及综合干预模式探析

戒毒人员脱毒后复吸率很高,半年内复吸率一般为90%-99%。戒毒人员复吸与吸毒者自身的心理、生理因素,以及与社会、家庭环境等方面有关。寻找引发复吸的主要原因和规律,探索行之有效的预防治疗措施,是提高戒毒成功率,延长操守时间的根本途径。通过公安实践和文献调查的方法,研究我国戒毒人员复吸的相关问题,结合我国禁毒工作实际情况,适合我国国情并具有可操作性的戒毒模式应为复吸综合干预模式。     

The effectiveness of relapse prevention training in a group of incarcerated child molesters

Abstract

A sample of child molesters participating in the U.K. prison sex offender treatment programme (SOTP) were required to complete a relapse prevention questionnaire before and after treatment. Results indicated that there were significant improvements in both awareness of risk situations and coping strategies, as measured by this instrument, through treatment. Nine months after the end of treatment most agreed to complete the questionnaire again. Those who had shown significant changes in terms of reduction of pro-offending attitudes through treatment maintained their RP skills. Men whose attitudes had not changed, although evidencing good RP skills at the end of treatment, were found to have lost these. This was most noticeable among men who had been released into the community and who had undergone a relatively short amount of therapy on the original SOTP (80 hours). These results indicate that RP training is only really useful where individuals have genuinely changed through treatment; and that the RP training should only be undertaken as part of an extensive treatment programme covering all areas of offending behaviour.     

The violence relapse process – a qualitative analysis of high-risk situations and risk communication in mentally disordered offenders

Abstract

Approximately 45% of mentally disordered offenders relapse into violence. Although much is known about factors related to the risk of future violence, the violence relapse process is still in many aspects an unexplored area. The aim of this study was to increase the knowledge of the recidivism process and risk communication of the repeatingly violent mentally disordered offender. A qualitative study using open-ended, semi-structured interviews was conducted with 14 mentally disordered offenders who had relapsed into violent behaviour. Important risk markers, pointed out by the informants, such as separations, drug problems, homelessness, and lack of sleep, were presented in a situational context. All but one of the informants were of the opinion that they directly or indirectly had communicated their violent intent or the experience of an intolerable situation. These results may help practitioners to target interventions and prevent further violence.     

戒毒人员复吸情况调查与分析

目的 :研究海洛因依赖者复吸的行为、原因以及与复吸有关的问题和依赖者的社会心理学特点。方法 :谈话访问 ,问卷调查。发现 :海洛因依赖者复吸 ,与其家庭背景因素、吸毒环境及其社会心理因素有着极大的关系。结论 :要有效降低复吸率 ,需要加强家庭干预、社会干预、心理干预等等。     

针灸对海洛因复吸大鼠脑组织多巴胺、5-羟色胺的影响

目的 探讨针灸干预海洛因复吸的作用机制.方法 采用间断性递增量肌肉注射海洛因的方法复制海洛因复吸大鼠模型,观察针灸对海洛因复吸大鼠条件性位置偏爱(conditional position preference,CPP)的行为学改变及脑组织多巴胺(dopamine,DA)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT) 含量变化的影响.结果 针灸能防止海洛因复吸大鼠体质量的下降(P<0.01),显著延长海洛因复吸大鼠在暗箱的停留时间(P<0.01),显著降低海洛因复吸大鼠脑组织DA和5-HT含量(P<0.01).结论 抑制脑组织DA、5-HT的释放,降低对海洛因用药行为有关环境的依赖行为,可能是针灸干预海洛因复吸的作用机制之一.