参与式预算与政治生态环境的重构——新河公共预算改革的过程和逻辑

新河的参与式预算为我们提供了一份从体制外自发生长到体制内有机融洽为过程,以民主理财,完善委托代理机制为主要内容,以公众参与为基础,以激活人大机制为目的,以重构政治生态环境为指归的独特的文本.通过对其的解读,试图回答公共预算改革为什么会发生在新河;如何使政府的目标函数与公众的偏好相符合;通过什么样的路径缩短委托代理链;新河预算改革的实际意义和应用价值何在;今后的指归是什么.新河的参与式预算是一个基于公众与政府之间和谐理念而设计出来的制度创新,是对传统公众与政府之间关系的一种变革.通过这样的创新和变革,树立了凡是与公众有关的事情都应让公众知道的思想,提高了预算编制的透明度和参与度,践行了治国的根本.这是一次人大与政府互动关系的良好发端,通过激活人大而对政府实行真正的制衡,是政治生态环境的重构过程,是新河参与式预算的实际意义所在.新河的阳光试验,正在为我国的公共预算改革探路,并为之积累经验,它将成为我国民主政治建设的一个新的起点.

Participatory Budgeting and Reconstruction of Political Ecological Environment——Xinhe's Public Budgeting Reform Process and Logic

Xinhe's participatory budgeting provides us a paradigm which shows a process spontaneously growing from the inner system to the outer system-democratically conducting financial transactions, fulfilling principal agent, public participating, activating the functions of the People's Congress and reconstructing the political ecologic environment. This essay presents an answer to the following questions: Why does public participatory budgeting reform take place in Xinhe of Wenling City? How can the government's objectives be adjusted to accord with the public preferences? What can be done to shorten the agent chain? What is the practical significance and value of Xinhe's budget reform? Where does the reform lead to? Xinhe's participatory budgeting is based on the system innovation and transformation aimed at researching a harmonious relationship between the public and the government. Resulting from such an innovation and transformation is a concept that the public should be informed of what is closely related to them and a policy that budgeting transparency and public participation should be enhanced. It is a good beginning with interaction between the People's Congress and the government. Activating the functions of the People's Congress can help regulate the government's functions and powers. The budget reform carried out in Xinhe is a process of reconstructing political ecological environment as well as a way of exploring our national public budget reform and accumulating experience. It will make a new beginning.