Drugs and chronic alcohol abuse in drivers |
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| Authors: | Appenzeller Brice M R Schneider Serge Yegles Michel Maul Armand Wennig Robert |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre de Recherche Public, Santé Laboratoire National de Santé, Division de Toxicologie, Université du Luxembourg, Campus Limpertsberg, 162a Avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;2. Département Statistique et Traitement Informatique des Données, Université de Metz, 57045 Metz Cedex 1, France;1. Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI;2. Injury Prevention Center at Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI;3. Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI;4. Department of Counseling and Applied Educational Psychology, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA;5. Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI;6. Departments of Sociology, Economics, and Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL;7. Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI;1. Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, INRA UC340, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France;2. Laboratory of Analytical Human Biomonitoring-CRP-Santé, Université du Luxembourg, Campus Limpertsberg, 162A, Avenue de la Faiencerie, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;1. University of Waikato, School of Psychology, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand;2. Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling (APOPO), PO Box 3078, Morogoro, Tanzania;3. Western Michigan University, Department of Psychology, 1903 W Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA;4. Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Trinity Building C, PO Box 2270, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands;5. Sokoine University of Agriculture, Pest Management Centre, PO Box 3110, Morogoro, Tanzania;1. Burns Unit, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW 2130, Australia;2. Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;3. New South Wales Agency for Clinical Innovation, Statewide Burn Injury Service, Australia;4. Levitt-Robinson Solicitors, Australia;1. Research Center of Stomatology College, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an, Shaanxi, China;2. Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi''an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi''an, Shaanxi, China;3. Department of Physiology, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China |
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| Abstract: | Blood specimens from 210 drivers (179 male and 31 female) apprehended in Luxembourg from autumn 2001 to spring 2002 and requested for the determination of their blood alcohol concentration (BAC) were tested for medicinal drugs, illicit drugs, and chronic alcohol abuse (by quantification of the carbohydrate-deficient transferrin: CDT). These additional analyses were performed anonymously and with permission of state prosecutor. The 22.8% had consumed medicinal drugs, with benzodiazepines and antidepressants (10.9 and 7.6%, respectively) as main psychoactive classes. Cannabis was the most detected illicit drug (9.5%) but only one in three had THC detectable in their blood. Association of two or more psychoactive substances (poly-drug use) was observed in 27.6% of drivers (90.6% of drug consumers). On the basis of CDT values, 29.5% of drivers investigated were assumed to be chronic alcohol abusers. Statistical analysis revealed that chronic alcohol abuse and medicinal psychoactive drugs were associated with significantly higher BAC. Medicinal psychoactive drugs were clearly associated with poly-drug use, and were furthermore detected at supra-therapeutic levels in 34.9%. |
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