略论环境污染民事责任制度的完善

在我国,环境污染侵权责任的主要法律依据分散于<民法通则>、环境基本法与单行法之中.此外,民事诉讼法的有关规定也与之密切相关.相对于发达国家环境污染侵权责任制度,其不足之处很明显,了解了我国现有环境污染侵权民事责任制度的不足,就可以针对这些问题采取相应的对策加以健全和完善.完善的主要途径有:删除环境污染侵权以"违法性"为前提之规定、适当拓宽损害赔偿的范围、明确举证责任倒置与因果关系推定规则、细化排除侵害的构成与方式、采取责任保险与损害补偿基金制度、授予受害人的咨询权和责任鉴定请求权、完善行政调解与仲裁制度.

Brief Study on How to Perfect the System of Civil Liability Caused by Environmental Pollution

In China,the primary legal basis of environmental pollution infringement liability spread among the General Principles of the Civil Law,environmental basic laws and environmental specialized laws.In contrast to environmental pollution infringement liability system in developed countries, the defects of current environmental pollution infringement liability system in China are obvious.The author suggests that the system can be improved in the following ways: cutting out the regulations that environmental pollution infringement should be based on lawbreaking;broadening the scale of compensation for damages appropriately;setting up the rules of burden of proof inversion and cause-effect relationship presumption;detailing the composition and modes of infringement elimination;adopting liability insurance and damage compensation system;granting the victim rights of advisory and request for liability examination,and perfecting administrative mediation system and arbitration system.