消费民事公益诉讼问题研究

消费民事公益诉讼制度的构建缘于维护消费领域公共利益的现实需要。与传统民事诉讼不同,消费民事公益诉讼具有诉讼目的公益性、受案范围类型化、诉讼结果扩张性等特点。诉讼主体资格的界定突破了传统民事诉讼原告与案件具有直接利害关系的规定,诉讼前置程序的设定强化了保护公益及防止公益诉权滥用的目的;在消费公益诉讼的处理规则方面,对和解、调解、撤诉等方面的限制突破了传统民事诉讼的处分原则,而裁判效力的扩张又超越了传统既判力制度的规定,为确保维护公益提供了特别程序规则。

Research on issues of consumer civil public interest litigation

The construction of consumer civil public interest litigation system is due to the actual needs of safeguarding public interests in the consumer field.Different from traditional civil litigation,consumer civil public interest litigation has the characteristics of public interest in the purpose of litigation,categorization of the scope of cases and expansion of litigation results.The definition of the qualifications of the litigation subject has broken through the traditional civil litigation that the plaintiff has a direct interest in the case.The establishment of pre-litigation procedures strengthens the purpose of protecting the public interest and preventing the abuse of public interest litigation;in terms of the handling rules of consumer public interest litigation,the restrictions on settlement,mediation and withdrawal of litigation have broken through the disciplinary principles of traditional civil litigation,and the expansion of the effectiveness of the adjudication has surpassed the provisions of the traditional res judicata system,providing special procedural rules to ensure the maintenance of public interests.