20世纪的资本主义与社会主义

20世纪初列宁做出的关于帝国主义的论断被两次世界大战和社会主义国家的兴起所证实。20世纪是资本主义和社会主义并存的世纪。二者之间不仅有对抗和战争,而且有学习和借鉴。资本主义后来发生的变化是列宁未能预见到的。20世纪末苏东剧变的原因之一是斯大林模式的僵化。这种僵化固然与斯大林本人形而上学的思维方式有关,但其后继者未能改变这种状况,反而造成悲剧性结局。回顾20世纪的历史可以得到以下认识:社会主义的理论所以成为科学是因为立足于资本主义的现实;社会主义的现实不同于社会主义的科学理论;社会主义建设必须从现实出发,而不是从理论出发;社会主义的发展离不开改革开放。

Capitalism and Socialism in the 20 Century

The judgment of imperialism made by Lenin had been proved by the two world wars and the rising of socialism countries. Capitalism and socialism existed equally in the 20th century, which not only confronted and battled with each other, but also learned from each other. However, Lenin didn't forecast the later changes of capitalism. One of the reasons of radical social change of former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Countries was the ossification of the Stalinist mode. Bringing a tragic result, this ossification was surely related to Stalin's metaphysical thinking style, and his heirs didn't change this situation, either. Looking back to the history of the 20th century, we can come to conclusions as below: the reason why socialist theory became a kind of science is that it was rooted in the capitalist reality; socialist reality differs from scientific theory of socialism; Instead of starting from the theory, it is essential to build socialism starting from the reality; the development of socialism need reform and opening.