Cross-Classified Multilevel Models: An Application to the Criminal Case Processing of Indicted Terrorists |
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Authors: | Brian D Johnson |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, Collge Park, MD, USA |
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Abstract: | This study provides an application of cross-classified multilevel models to the study of early case processing outcomes for
suspected terrorists in U.S. federal district courts. Because suspected terrorists are simultaneously nested within terrorist
organizations and criminal court environments, they are characterized by overlapping data hierarchies that involve cross-nested
ecological contexts. Cross-classified models provide a useful but underutilized approach for analyzing such data. Using the
American Terrorism Study (ATS), this research examines case dismissals, trial adjudications and criminal convictions for a
sample of 574 terrorist suspects. Findings indicate that diverse factors affect case processing outcomes, including legal
factors such as the number of counts, number of co-defendants, and statute of indictment, extralegal factors such as the ethnicity
of the offender, and incident characteristics such as the type of terrorism target. Case processing outcomes also vary significantly
across both terrorist groups and criminal courts and are partially explained by select group and court characteristics including
the type of terrorist organization and the terrorism trial rate of the court. Results are discussed vis-à-vis contemporary
research on terrorism punishments and future directions are suggested for additional applications of cross-classified models
in criminological research. |
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Keywords: | |
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