知识产权强制许可中的反垄断法

如何正确处理知识产权与反垄断法的关系,已经成为各国反垄断立法和执法的热点问题。2004年德国联邦法院关于Spundfass一案的判决,确立了知识产权权利人因违反反垄断法而被强制许可的两个前提条件:一是知识产权许可已经成为其他企业进入市场必不可少的条件;二是权利人的拒绝许可没有重大的合理性。知识产权的行使应当受到反垄断法的制约;解决知识产权与反垄断法冲突的方式是衡量知识产权给权利人带的经济利益和限制竞争对社会的影响。中国应尽快出台反垄断法,并尽快制定与知识产权相关的反垄断指南。

Antimonopoly Law in the Regime of Compulsory License for Intellectual Property

The nexus between intellectual property(IP) and antimonopoly law has become a world-wide heated topic in making and implementing antimonopoly laws.Based on Spundfass(a German federal court case in 2004),two premises are determined that a compulsory license may be granted because of the IP owner's violation of antimonopoly law:(1) the granting is necessary for other firms to access the market;and(2) the owner's refusal of granting is without significant justification.Exercising IP is subject to antimonopoly law.To avoid the conflict between IP and antitrust law,one should balance the economic returns that the owner yields from IP and the impact that the exclusivity of IP exerts on society.An antimonopoly act should be enacted as early as possible in China and the antimonopoly guidelines related to IP should also be published.