商标恶意抢注法律规制路径探究

商标恶意抢注有违诚实信用原则,应予规制。适用我国现行《商标法》规制恶意抢注在注册确权、侵权救济和法律责任承担方面存在局限性;基于《侵权责任法》保护民事权益的范围所限,商标恶意抢注并非均为民事侵权行为,适用《侵权责任法》难以对恶意抢注实施全面规制;以《反不正当竞争法》规制恶意抢注,可对其启用行政调查措施,并通过法律责任承担规定使得恶意抢注人为此承担民事责任和行政责任,但须以竞争关系的存在和构成不正当竞争行为为适用要件,因此存在边界限制。为有效规制恶意抢注,应当结合前述立法的功能定位选择多元化法律规制路径,并从明确恶意抢注商标不予注册、规定未经实际使用的注册商标不得转让、限制恶意抢注商标的请求权方面对我国商标立法以制度完善。

Explorationon the Legal Regulation Path of Malicious Rush-to-register Trademarks

Malicious rush-to-register trademarks violates the principle of good faith and should be regulated.The application of trademark law to regulate malicious registration has limitations in registration confirmation,tort relief and legal liability.Due to the limitation of the scope of tort liability law to protect civil rights and interests,not all malicious registration of trademarks belongs to civil tort,and it is difficult to regulate malicious registration comprehensively by applying tort liability law. The application of anti-unfair competition law to regulate malicious registration can initiate administrative investigative measures and make malicious preemptors bear civil and administrative liabilities through the provisions of legal liabilities. However,the existence of competition relations and the formation of unfair competition acts are the applicable requirements,so there are boundary restrictions.In order to effectively regulate malicious registration of trademarks, we should choose a diversified legal regulation path according to the function orientation of the aforementioned legislation,and perfect the trademark law in terms of clarifying that malicious rush-to-register trademarks are not registered,stipulating that registered trademarks that have not been actually used are not transferable,and restricting the right of claim for malicious rush-to-register trademarks.