自由秩序 --解读哈耶克的普通法法治观

哈耶克认为,法治是一种自由秩序,法治之法即自由的法律是真正的法律,这是一项为人们普遍接受的原则,是元法律规则.法治之法的原则要素为法的一般性与抽象性,法的公知性和确定性及法的平等性.他认为,导致拥有如此属性规则的所有原因和因素不可能为人所知,但我们能够作到的应当是努力去发现和理解其实际的一般性功用和一般性目的.法治所处理的是个体自由与社会秩序的关系问题,二者的进化过程及其相互关系主要受制于不断开放和演进的市场秩序,而不断扩展的市场交换和不断演进的传统秩序又推动了法治化进程.进而言之,"自生自发"的社会秩序在本质上是一自由秩序,这一本质上自由的社会秩序在其进化过程中型构了法治,同时,法治在其型构过程中为其相伴的自发的自由社会秩序提供了必要的制度条件和秩序保障.他认为,人和组织与规则体系在社会互动中相互影响制约,普通法法治秩序就是这样成就的.其法治观为自由主义的、进化论的普通法法治观,是形式法治与实质法治相结合的模式.

Liberty Order--Expounding Von Hayek's Viewpoint on Common Law

The meaning of the rule of law means a kind situation of liberty, the power exercised by government and officials are based on legal authority, the,laws affecting individual liberty should be reasonably certain and clear, although the definition of the rule of law is not easily to be fixed. As a kind law of liberty order, the characters and encompass ideas of the rule of law such as: general or ordinary law; abstract law; equal and stable law. The principles and fundamental conditions for the rule of law are: constitutional institution, check and balance of powers, autonomy of citizen, the independence of judiciary. The procedure guarantees of the rule of law should be: the state power must be supervised by the opinion of citizen efficiently; the law should have safeguards against the abuse of wide discretionary powers; judicial review. The characters of Von Hayek' s theory of the rule of law are: the rule of common law; liberalism; integration of formal law and substantial law.