何种文化?谁之霸权?——从苏联与中国的政治实践看葛兰西的文化霸权理论

葛兰西文化霸权理论认为,在市民社会较为成熟的欧洲国家,无产阶级应该首先通过阵地战的方式在文化领域取得领导权,进而夺取国家政权。这就表明,现代国家的真正力量不在于统治阶级的暴力和国家机器的强制性,而在于被统治阶级对统治阶级世界观和价值体系的认同。葛兰西的理论观点对当代中国的文化和意识形态建设具有重要的借鉴意义。在当代中国,执政党确立意识形态领导权地位的方式就在于通过谈判与对话的方式,将各种具有异质目的的分散意志用务实的目标统一起来,由此形成具有共同情感和利益要求的历史的集团,开创文明的新时代。

What Kind of Culture? Whose Hegemony?

Gramsci's theory of cultural hegemony believes that,the proletariat should win leadership in the cultural field by the positional warfare and then seize state power in European countries where civil society was more mature.The theory shows that,the real strength of modern states is,instead of the authoritative command of the oppressing class,that the oppressed class identifies with the world view and values system of the oppressing class.Gramsci's theory has an important referential significance for the co...