论“教唆未遂”与“未遂的教唆”——三大法系比较研究

大陆法系共犯从属性理论否定教唆未遂;大陆法系共犯独立性理论通过改变实行行为的概念论证教唆未遂;英美法系刑法理论超越教唆未遂;中国刑法理论在语境混淆的状态下论证教唆未遂。在三大法系内部,对于未遂的教唆是否可罚均存在着巨大争议,其关键都在于教唆犯的成立在主观要件上是否要求教唆人具有目标犯罪的罪过;仅从我国《刑法》第29条有关教唆犯的显性条款规定看,我国刑法对“未遂的教唆”似乎没有处罚的依据和标准,但是通过对该条隐性条款的解读,“未遂的教唆”在我国刑法中可以找到处罚的依据和标准,该问题在深层触及到如何理解我国刑法教唆犯的量刑规定。

On "Attempted Instigation" and "Unfulfilled Instigation": A Comparative Study of the Three Legal Systems

The theory of subordination of accomplice in the system of civil law denies attempted instigation;through changing the idea of implement,the theory of independency of accomplice proves it,the criminal theory of the system of common law oversteps it,and in a confusion context,Chinese criminal theory proves it.The three legal systems' disagreement on penalizing the unfulfilled instigation lies in whether the target offence is necessary to convict a man of an instigator.According to the provisions in Article 29 of the Criminal Law of the PRC,there is no basis and standard to inflict a punishment,but the implication of the provision about instigator,the basis and standard can be found.This issue involves how to understand thoroughly the sentence discretion of instigator in the criminal law of China.