香港族裔经济中的印尼华侨与华人

20世纪七八十年代,有不下20万的印度尼西亚华侨自中国内地迁居香港;而近30多年来,印尼家务工人亦接踵而至,其在香港的人数现已超过13万人。这两群看似毫不相干的移民,在21世纪全球化以及区域移民的大语境下相遇,共同构建了香港经济活动中奇特的族裔景观,具体包括印尼食品店、服装店、手机店、家具店等等。基于文化背景、语言条件以及香港公民身份等因素,第一代印尼归侨以及千禧年前后开始定居香港的印尼华人或自己充当雇主,或在族裔经济中担任雇员,自然而然成为在港印尼族裔经济的先驱者与主要获利者。本文根据2013年到2016年初的田野调查和深度访谈,梳理在港印尼华侨华人的移民背景以及类别,探讨印尼华侨华人如何在印尼家务工人移民潮的推动之下,启动他们的族裔资源,使之成为具有商业用途的资本,从而促进了过去十多年来香港印尼族裔经济的蓬勃发展。

Overseas Indonesian Chinese in the Ethnic Economy in Hong Kong

At least 200 ,000 “returned” Indonesian Chinese moved from mainland China to settle down in Hong Kong in the 1970s and 1980s. About 30 years later, Hong Kong witnessed the arrival of another group of people coming from Indonesia, the Indonesian domestic workers, whose number has accumulated to over 130, 000. While these two groups of migrants are of different historical and migration backgrounds and appear to be unrelated to each other, they encounter in the context of globalization and regional migration in the 21st century. They together form a distinct and interesting landscape in the Hong Kong ethnic economy, including Indonesian food stores, textile shops, mobile phone shops, furniture stores and many more. Because of their cultural backgrounds as well as citi-zen status in Hong Kong, overseas Indonesian Chinese are in an advantaged position to play a role in the Indonesian ethnic economy, either being the business owners or the formal employees. Based on fieldwork and in-depth inter-views conducted in the period 2013-2016 , this paper identifies the different groups of overseas Indonesian Chinese and their migration backgrounds in today’s Hong Kong. Moreover, it discusses how they have mobilized resources differently in contributing to the flourishing development of the Indonesian ethnic economy in Hong Kong in the last decade.