协商民主概念的提出及其多元认知

协商民主理论研究兴起之后,如何界定协商民主的内涵就成了学术界的研究重点。在毕塞特看来,当初美国立宪者设计的以人民主权原则为基础、以权力分立与相互制约的体制为架构、以定期选举和政党竞争为动力的代议民主体制,就是"协商民主",就是一种深思熟虑的、审慎的、尊重人民主权的民主政治。而曼宁、科恩等学者开始拓展其内涵,将合法性、追求理性自治与公民参与的政治理想赋予协商民主。吉登斯、扬、德雷泽克等学者分别从"对话民主""交往民主"和"话语民主"角度进行了新阐释。协商民主概念经历了一个逐渐丰富和发展的过程。总体上讲,协商民主就是基于人民主权原则和多数原则的现代民主体制,其中,自由平等的公民,以公共利益为共同的价值诉求,通过理性的公共协商,在达成共识的基础上赋予立法和决策以合法性。

The Idea of Deliberative Democracy and its Multi-recognition

Since the proposition of the term of deliberative democracy, how to define it has become a hot field in the academic circle. The development and enrichment of the idea have been seen from the initiative by Bessette to the enlargement of Mannin and Cohen, up to Giddends, Young, and Dryzek. In Bessette's works, the constitutional system of the US founded by the Father of Republic is deliberative democracy. As for Cohen and Mannin, deliberative democracy means more of legitimacy, rational autonomy and civic participation. The idea also benefits from John Rawls and Habermas. In general, deliberative democracy is a modern democratic system based on people's sovereignty and majority principle. In this system, citizens can deliberate, discuss, and dialogue with each other equally on policy decision and legislation, and pursue public interests based on the consensus.