清代的民事法源问题再探析——以巴县档案中的坟产讼案为中心

在清代的民事审判中,官府并非严格依照《大清律例》,而只是参照了《大清律例》的基本原则。《大清律例》中的相关规定除了具有参照作用外,还具有威慑作用和原则的指引作用。同时,由于民间习俗得到司法认同,官府在审断中还需考虑＂天理＂和＂人情＂等因素,州县官通常将＂情、理、法＂作为一个＂整体性＂原则来考量具体案件。因此,清代的民事审判不是黄宗智所谓的严格＂依据律例进行判决＂,也并非滋贺秀三所言的＂依据情理＂进行＂教谕式的调解＂,应该从＂法律多元＂的视角来考量清代的民事法源问题。

Further Exploration of Qing Dynasty＇ s Civil Law --Taking Grave Cases of Baxian Archives as a Key Point

In civil trial of Qing Dynasty, the government is not strictly in accordance with the ＂The code of Qing Dynasty ＂, but only referring to the basic principles of ＂The code of Qing Dynasty ＂. In addition to the reference role, the relevant provisions also have guiding and deterrent effects. At the same time, the folk custom has judicial identification. The judger has to consider ＂ emotion＂, ＂reason＂ and other factors, and the magistrate will usually take ＂emotion, reason and law＂ as a ＂whole principle＂ to consider specific cases. Therefore, the civil judgment of Qing Dynasty is neither what Huang Zongzhi called ＂according to strict statutes judgment＂, nor Shigega Susan said＂according to reasonable didactic conciliation＂. The civil judgment of Qing Dynasty should consider civil law problems from ＂legal pluralism＂ perspective.