“人道主义干涉”的国际法学批判

“人道主义干涉”的理论是主权与人权理论中的一个重要组成部分。近代国际法上形成了传统意义上的“人道主义干涉”及其理论 ,但是 ,《联合国宪章》制定以后 ,“人道主义干涉”及其理论被国际法所否定和摒弃。西方学者对“人道主义干涉”的理论存在着二种对立的观点。主张“人道主义干涉”为合法的观点 ,成了西方国家侵犯别国主权、武装干涉别国内政的借口和工具。我国学者普遍否定“人道主义干涉”及其理论 ,但也存在着模糊的观点 ,混淆了与联合国体制下人道主义救援的本质区别。“人道主义干涉” ,不仅在理论上是错误的 ,而且是违背国际法的 ,其实质是否定国家主权、干涉别国内政。联合国安理会采取的执行行动 ,是对于威胁和平、破坏和平以及侵略行为的应付办法 ,安理会对于严重侵犯人权的国家采取的军事行动 ,其真正目的仍然是为了维护国际和平与安全 ,而不是单纯的为了一国的人权问题进行干预 ,更不是所谓的“人道主义干涉”。

Critic of "Humanity Intervention" from International Law's Angle

Humanity interference is an important aspect in the theory of sovereignty and human rights.Classic humanity interference practice and theory had been formed in the modern international law,after the UN Charter the theory was negated and excluded,among the Western scholars there exists the view of legitimate humanity interference which are an excuse and instrument for the western countries in violating sovereignty and interfering domestic affairs of other countries.Chinese scholars do not accept the humanity interference and the theory in general,however,there are ambiguity among them,such as confusing humanity rescue under the UN with humanity interference.The so called humanity interference is not only wrong in theory,but also goes against international law.Its essence is to negate sovereignty and interfere domestic afairs of foreign countries.Enforcing actions adopted by the UN Security Council are dealt with peace breaking and threatening actions and aggressions.The military actions adopted aim at maintaining international peace and security,not for solving human rights problem of a country or countries.