海上危险货物托运人通知义务和责任

海商法上的危险货物应限于物理危险物,不应包括法律危险物。货物需满足危险性要素才可被认定为危险货物。海上危险货物运输托运人的一项特殊义务是危险货物的通知义务。托运人未履行危险货物通知义务造成承运人损失时,责任确定上存在过失责任说和严格责任说区分。我国宜采纳承担严格责任说。托运人承担严格责任上应满足相应要件并有一定限制。我国海商法应修改以对托运人未履行通知义务的严格责任及其限制予以明确规定。

Shippers' Duty of Notice and Related Liability in Shipment of Dangerous Goods by Sea

Dangerous goods in maritime law should be limited within physically dangerous goods,excluding legally dangerous goods. The goods of dangerousness needed in ascertaining dangerous goods.The particular duty of the shipper in contract of carriage of dangerous goods by sea is the duty of notice.When the shipper's dangerous goods cause damage to carrier for lack of notice.When the shipper's dan- gerous goods cause damage for tack of notice,there are two distinctive theories-fault basis liability and strict liability in deciding responsi- bility of the shipper.It is reasonable the latter should he adopted in China.Requirement and limitations shall both be met to make the ship- per responsible and accordingly China maritime Law should be modified to make them certain and clear.