TRIPS-plus条款的扩张及中国的应对策略——以药品的专利保护为视角

近年以来,美国与欧盟等发达国家利用TRIPS协议的弹性规定,在与其他国家签订的自由贸易协定中大量加入TRIPS-plus条款。这些条款通过对TRIPS的拓展以及限制来提高知识产权保护标准,在药品的专利保护领域尤为突出。实践证明,TRIPS-plus条款严重影响了发展中国家药品的可及性。我国作为大量依靠仿制药品的发展中国家,在国内立法以及签署自由贸易区协定等国际条约时,应当对TRIPS-plus条款保持高度警惕,审慎引入专利链接制度,为数据独占保护设置限制条件,保留强制许可、平行进口等TRIPS允许的弹性条款,尽量为国内政策预留一些选择空间。

Expansion of TRIPS-plus Provisions and China' s Counter-measures: From the Perspective of Patent Protection for Medicine

In recent years,developed countries like the USA and the EU,taking advantage of elastic provisions of the TRIPS,insert lots of TRIPS-plus provisions into the FTAs while signing Free Trade Agreements with developing countries with market access and FDI as a lure.The added provisions raise the level of protection of intellectual property through the expansion of TRIPS and creation of higher standards.It is proved that in practice the TRIPS-plus provisions have considerably adverse effects on developing countries’ access to essential medicines.As a developing country largely depending on generic drugs,China should be cautious about TRIPS-plus provisions while making laws or negotiating free trade treaties with other countries.