我国儿童早期照顾政策框架构建——基于资源平等理论视角

我国儿童早期照顾领域存在照顾责任公私分担失衡、照顾资源分布不均、照顾劳动性别分工和代际分工不合理等现象,亟待公共政策干预。立足我国现实,以德沃金的资源平等理论作为伦理基础,可提出儿童早期照顾政策的伦理依据,即以保障儿童与母亲权利为核心原则,以保障父母工作-家庭平衡、祖辈老年权益为辅助原则。在政策分析中,首先基于政策网络模型,阐述政策行动者的网络定位及他们在网络间的互动关系,厘清不同行动者之间的资源与权力交换机制;然后利用图尔敏结构模型,提出具有开放性和包容性的政策方案,并最终形成旨在保障儿童和照顾者权利、促进家庭和社会发展的我国儿童早期照顾政策框架。

The Construction of the Policy Framework of Early Childhood Care Based on the Theory of Equality of Resources

In the field of early childhood care in China,there exist such phenomena as unbalanced public-pri?vate sharing of care responsibilities,uneven distribution of care resources,unreasonable gender division and in?tergenerational division of labor,etc.,which call for urgent public policy intervention.Based on China’s reality and on Ronald Dworkin’s theory of equality of resources as the ethical basis,we can put forward the ethical ba?sis of early childhood care policy,that is,to protect the rights of children and mothers as the core principle,to safeguard the work-family balance of parents and the elderly rights of grandparents as the subsidiary principle.In the policy analysis,firstly,based on the policy network model,this article expounds policy actors’network positioning and their interaction among networks,and clarifies the mechanism of resource and power exchange among different actors;and then according to Toulmin structural model puts forwards policy initiatives that are open and inclusive and finally forms an early childhood care policy framework aimed at protecting the rights of children and carers and promoting family and social development.