当事人共任仲裁员不能之救济实践及完善

当事人共任的仲裁员包括独任、首席和仲裁公断人三种类型。由于仲裁当事人处境变迁、仲裁协议约定不明、仲裁员名册硬性限制,以及当事人意思自治的异化,都可能导致共任仲裁员不能的难题。中国仲裁立法、各仲裁机构仲裁规则在救济当事人共任仲裁员不能时均采机构负责人直接指定的方式,但此种方式容易导致权力寻租等连锁问题。为最大化当事人在共任仲裁员问题上的合意,应当重构中国仲裁实践的救济方案,以"穷尽一切共任合意之救济手段"为规则,抵消机构指定这一体现"相对意思自治"精神的方法之消极效应,通过相对意思自治的再次相对化,在共任仲裁员问题上寻找自治与外力、公平与效率之间的最优解。

Practice and Improvement of the Redress of Litigant Jointly Nominate Arbitrator Incapacity

Litigant jointly nominate arbitrator includes three-type arbitrators,including sole arbitrator,chief arbitrator and umpire.Change of litigant circumstances,unclear arbitration agreement,inflexible restriction of arbitrator register and alienation of autonomy of arbitrator's will are all possible to lead to incapacity of litigant jointly nominate arbitrator.In Chinese arbitration law and arbitration rules of arbitration institutions,when the litigant jointly nominate arbitrator is incapable,institution leader directly nominate arbitrator.This method is likely to result in chain problems such as power rank-seeking.In order to maximize the consensus of litigant on jointly nominate arbitrator,redress of Chinese arbitration should be reconstructed.With the rule of "exhausting any redress of jointly consensus ",the reconstruction should offset the negative impacts of nomination from institution in the method of relative autonomy of will,seek the best solution between autonomy and external force,equity and efficiency about jointly nominate arbitrator through relativization of relative autonomy of will.