老年人犯罪从宽处罚机制研究

老年人犯罪是指60岁以上的老年人所实施犯罪行为的总称。老年人犯罪呈现以下特点：犯罪率低，犯罪年龄集中，文化程度低，男性居多，犯罪地域相对集中，累犯、前科少，共同犯罪较多，犯罪客体比较集中，诉前羁押率低，判处刑罚较轻。老年人犯罪从宽处罚，是周全弱势群体刑法保护的需要，是适应老年人刑事责任能力的需要，也是契合刑法谦抑性、人道性以及刑罚经济性、刑罚目的的需要．并且，中国立法史上历来存在“矜老”传统，而国外相关立法也值得借鉴。建议在实体法上，规定封老年犯罪人原则上从宽处罚，限制死刑、无期徒刑的适用，限制有期徒刑的最高期限，明确不构成累犯，放宽缓刑、减刑、假释的适用条件；在程序法上，规定对老年犯罪人慎捕慎诉，规定讯问审判时亲属在场权，完善指定辩护权，对刑罚执行予以特别关照。

On lenient punishment policy for aged criminals

crimes by the aged, which means crimes committed by people over 60, are characterized by low crime rate, special venue, special age bracket and low education of committers, light penalty, and so on. The lenient punishment policy for aged criminals is necessary for protecting vulnerable groups, corresponding to the criminal responsibility of the aged and the economy and humanity of criminal penalty. This paper aims to facilitate the execution of this policy in both aspects of substance and procedure.