马克思是“哲学家”还是“科学家”?——从《在马克思墓前的讲话》谈起

恩格斯在《在马克思墓前的讲话》中称马克思为"当代最伟大的思想家",认为马克思的"两大发现"是他一生中对人类最伟大的贡献:1、发现了人类历史的发展规律(唯物史观);2、发现了现代资本主义生产方式和它所产生的资产阶级社会的特殊的运动规律(剩余价值规律)。一般认为,马克思所发现的"唯物史观"被视之为"哲学",认为马克思是"哲学家";马克思所发现的"剩余价值"被视之为"科学",认为马克思是"科学家"。部分学者一方面质疑"唯物史观"的"哲学"性而力图论证其为"科学",另一方面又质疑"剩余价值"的"科学"性而力图论证其为"哲学"。这样,由"两大发现"而构成的"哲学家"与"科学家"的马克思,似乎又模糊了他的"哲学家"与"科学家"的双重身份。通过正确地分析《在马克思墓前的讲话》和马克思的部分理论作品,我们只能说,首先是一个革命家的马克思,既是哲学家又是科学家。

Is Marx "Philosopher" or "Scientist"?——Speak of from "Speech before Tomb of Marx"

Engels calls Marx "the contemporary greatest thinker" in "Speech before Tomb of Marx "and thinks Marx's " two great discoveries " are to mankind's greatest contribution in his whole life:1.Has found the rule of development of human history(Materialist Conception of History);2.Has found modern capitalist mode and special movement law of assets class society which it produce(Law of Value Surplus).It is generally acknowledged that "materialist conception of history" Marx has found is regarded it as "philosophy",so they think Marx is "philosopher"."law of value surplus "that Marx has found is regarded it as " the science ",so they think Marx is "scientist ".On one hand some scholars query it is " philosophy" of " materialist conception of history "and try to prove it is "science".On the other hand some scholars query it is "scientific" of "law of value surplus" and try to prove it is "philosophy" again.In this way,Marx is "philosopher" and "scientist" that form through "two great discoveries",it seems fuzzy that Marx is "philosopher" and is also "scientist" again.Through analyzing "Speech before Tomb of Marx" and some theory works of Marx's correctly,we can only say,Marx is a revolutionary at first,and Marx is both philosopher and the scientist.