“YFlag” – A Single‐base Extension Primer Based Method for Gender Determination |
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Authors: | Julia S Allwood PhD Sally Ann Harbison PhD |
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Institution: | 1. Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR Ltd.), Mt Albert Science Centre, Auckland, New Zealand;2. School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand |
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Abstract: | Assigning the gender of a DNA contributor in forensic analysis is typically achieved using the amelogenin test. Occasionally, this test produces false‐positive results due to deletions occurring on the Y chromosome. Here, a four‐marker “YFlag” method is presented to infer gender using single‐base extension primers to flag the presence (or absence) of Y‐chromosome DNA within a sample to supplement forensic STR profiling. This method offers built‐in redundancy, with a single marker being sufficient to detect the presence of male DNA. In a study using 30 male and 30 female individuals, detection of male DNA was achieved with c. 0.03 ng of male DNA. All four markers were present in male/female mixture samples despite the presence of excessive female DNA. In summary, the YFlag system offers a method that is reproducible, specific, and sensitive, making it suitable for forensic use to detect male DNA. |
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Keywords: | forensic science sex determination Y chromosome amelogenin DNA analysis single‐base extension |
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