涉外继承案件专属管辖考

涉外继承案件是否属于专属管辖范围,从我国《民事诉讼法》的规定看,答案似乎是肯定的,但理论上存有相当大的争议,且实践中,这样的理解也难以变成实际操作。纵观大陆法系德日法等国家立法,将涉外继承案件列入专属管辖范围实属罕见。就国内层面而言,专属管辖可以从法院职能角度和案件特殊性角度进行广义理解,但在国际层面,尤其涉及司法裁决域外承认与执行问题的时候,专属管辖范围的限制就尤为重要;因此,有关不动产物权、法人清算或破产、知识产权诉讼等专属某国法院管辖的观点和做法,日益成为各国普遍认可的事实。从这个角度来看,我们更应审视我国现有规定,从而为涉外继承寻找出合理的法律地位。

Exclusive Jurisdiction of Inheritance Cases with Foreign Elements

Judging from the Civil Procedural Act of the PRC,the answer to the problem of whether inheritance cases with foreign elements fall within the scope of exclusive jurisdiction seems to be affirmative.However,controversies still exist in logic;further,in practice it is hard to operate where the cases are put under exclusive jurisdiction.In comparison with the laws in continental law countries such as Germany,France,Japan,etc.one can readily find that it is rare that inheritance cases with foreign elements are under exclusive jurisdiction.As the case in China,exclusive jurisdiction can make sense from the angles of court's function and peculiarity of the nature of cases.Yet in elsewhere,especially where extraterritorial respect and execution of the judgment is concerned,it appears important to restrain the scope of exclusive jurisdiction.So,the fact that the domestic courts of a state have exclusive jurisdiction over disputes about real rights,liquidation or bankruptcy of corporations,intellectual property,etc.is gradually accepted in the world.As such,we should carefully examine the existing laws in China and put inheritance with foreign elements in a proper position.lusive jurisdiction otry xclusive jurisdiction.nheritance canse