论自决权的性质——一种国际法与国内法的综合分析

在国际政治和国际法领域里,自决权是一个难以明确界定的有争议的概念。它的内容、主体和适用范围始终在不断适应国际政治的变化和发展,它的重心也必将随着其内容、主体和适用范围的发展变化而发生相应的转移。这一重心转移的过程,既是自决权从外部自决向内部自决回归的过程;也是自决权由以国际法原则为重心转移到以国内法原则为重心的过程;同时也是自决权自身内涵不断扩大的历史过程。在这一过程中,自决权先后主要是独立权、国家主权、人权、发展权、人民主权和自治权。自决权的内涵及其重心转移说明,台湾当局企图分裂国家,搞“独立公投”的所谓“自决”,既违背国际法原则,也违背国内法原则,实际上是行不通的。

The Nature of Self-Determination: An Integrated Analysis of Domestic and International Law

Both in international politics and international law, self-determination is a contentious and hard-to-define concept. The contents, subject matter and application of the concept are in constant change and development to adapt to evolving international politics. Accordingly, its crux shifts. Such a shift indicates a regression from external self-determination to internal self-determination, a regression from focusing on principles of international law to principles of domestic law. Furthermore, it indicates a historical process in which the connotation of the concept keeps expanding and evolving in relation to independence rights, state sovereignty, human rights, developing rights, people’s sovereignty and autonomy. The shifting of the connotation and crux of self-determination proves that the so-called “independent referendum” or “self-determination” concocted by those in the Taiwan regime who attempt to split China cannot do so because it is contrary to both international and domestic law.