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Basic Personal Values Underlie and Give Coherence to Political Values: A Cross National Study in 15 Countries |
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| Authors: | Shalom H Schwartz Gian Vittorio Caprara Michele Vecchione Paul Bain Gabriel Bianchi Maria Giovanna Caprara Jan Cieciuch Hasan Kirmanoglu Cem Baslevent Jan-Erik Lönnqvist Catalin Mamali Jorge Manzi Vassilis Pavlopoulos Tetyana Posnova Harald Schoen Jo Silvester Carmen Tabernero Claudio Torres Markku Verkasalo Eva Vondráková Christian Welzel Zbigniew Zaleski |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 2. Laboratory of Socio-cultural Research, National Research University—Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia 3. Department of Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy 4. School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia 5. Department of Social and Biological Communication, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia 6. Universidad a Distancia de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 7. Faculty of Psychology, University of Finance and Management, Warsaw, Poland 8. University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 9. Department of Economics, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey 10. Swedish School of Social Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 11. Department of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin-Platteville, Platteville, WI, USA 12. Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile 13. Department of Psychology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece 14. Practical Psychology Department, Chernivtsy Yuri Fedkovych National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine 15. Department of Political Sociology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany 16. Department of Psychology, City University London, London, UK 17. Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain 18. Institute of Psychology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil 19. Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 20. Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic 21. Institute of Political Science and Center for the Study of Democracy, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Lüneburg, Germany 22. Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland |
| Abstract: | Do the political values of the general public form a coherent system? What might be the source of coherence? We view political values as expressions, in the political domain, of more basic personal values. Basic personal values (e.g., security, achievement, benevolence, hedonism) are organized on a circular continuum that reflects their conflicting and compatible motivations. We theorize that this circular motivational structure also gives coherence to political values. We assess this theorizing with data from 15 countries, using eight core political values (e.g., free enterprise, law and order) and ten basic personal values. We specify the underlying basic values expected to promote or oppose each political value. We offer different hypotheses for the 12 non-communist and three post-communist countries studied, where the political context suggests different meanings of a basic or political value. Correlation and regression analyses support almost all hypotheses. Moreover, basic values account for substantially more variance in political values than age, gender, education, and income. Multidimensional scaling analyses demonstrate graphically how the circular motivational continuum of basic personal values structures relations among core political values. This study strengthens the assumption that individual differences in basic personal values play a critical role in political thought. |
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