刑罚配置的双重基准——一个基于刑法微观层面的诠释

从刑法微观层面而言,刑罚轻重的配置应立足于双重基准:即刑法所保护价值的重要程度和行为人对立态度的有无及其程度。一方面,刑法所保护价值即犯罪客体的不同直接制约刑罚的轻重,在同类型犯罪中,刑罚轻重则深受对刑法所保护价值造成的损害程度的影响;另一方面,凡体现行为人对立态度及其程度的因素如犯罪故意、犯罪过失、犯罪动机、犯罪目的、中止犯、自首犯、立功犯、胁从犯、累犯等均为直接制约刑罚配置的要素。

Double Base on Penalty: from Viewpoint of Micro-Level Criminal law

From micro-level of criminal law,the influence of the gradation of penalties is mainly based upon the value importance by the criminal law and the degree of the actors＇ attitudinal oppositions.First of all,viewed from the values fenced by the criminal law,the gradation of penalties varies with the nature of the crime.And for the same crime,the most important standard to appraise the objective harms of individual crime is to weigh the actual damages against the values sheltered by the criminal law.Second,viewed from the oppositional attitudes and degrees of the actors against the values guarded by the criminal law,whether the attitudinal oppositions present in many aspects,including the malefactors who had meritorious services,the criminal intentions and negligence,the discontinued crimes,the surrending criminals,the criminal motives,the criminal purposes,the coerced accomplices,the emotion offenders,the recidivists and the possibilities of recommitments.