国际航空旅行限制措施在“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”情势下的适用

"国际关注的突发公共卫生事件"情势下,国际航空旅行限制措施的广泛适用反映了"传染病控制"与"国际航空旅行"关系的失衡,面临着合法性与合理性的诘问。国际航空旅行限制措施只能在《国际卫生条例(2005)》《国际民用航空公约》以及相关的双边航空运输协定等国际条约的框架内实施才具有合法性;国际航空旅行限制措施在实践中的效应使其合理性遭到质疑。为了进一步维系"传染病控制"与"国际航空旅行"二者的平衡,世界卫生组织和国际民航组织通过了一系列的"软法"性国际文件,然而,其执行力依赖于成员国的履行意愿和履行能力。我国应在维护WHO权威及PHEIC创立的制度初衷的前提下,在国际法的框架内合法合理应对和适用国际航空旅行限制措施。

On the Application of International Air Travel Restriction in the Case of PHEIC

Under the circumstance of PHEIC,the wide application of international air travel restrictions is a manifestation of the imbalance of between"infectious disease control"and"international air travel",as is subject to questions concerning their legality and rationality.International air travel restrictions are valid only within the framework of such international treaties as the IHR,the ICAC and related bilateral air transport agreements.The practical effect of international air travel restrictions calls into question their rationality.In order to further maintain the balance between"infectious disease control"and"international air travel",WHO and ICAO have adopted a series of international documents of soft law nature,however,their enforceability depends on the will and performing capacity of member states.On the premise of maintaining the authority of WHO and the fundamental purposes of the system established by PHEIC,China should,in a legal and reasonable manner,apply and respond to international air travel restrictions within the framework of international law.