Parity,Power and Representative Politics: The Elusive Pursuit of Gender Equality in Europe |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Susan?MillnsEmail author Mercedes?Mateo Diaz |
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Institution: | (1) Kent Law School Eliot College, The University of Kent, Canterbury Kent, CT2 7NS, UK;(2) Unité SPRI, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Montesquieu, 1 [Bte. 7/7], 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium |
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Abstract: | In recent years the concept of parity democracy has rapidly risen up the European political agenda. Using a threefold typology of sex-quotas, this article undertakes a classification of the measures taken by the 15 old E.U. member states to improve the gender balance in representative assemblies. This is then used as the basis for an exploration of the advantages and disadvantages of the parity approach as a tool to promote gender equality, including the constitutional obstacles which stand in its way. The article goes on to present a comparative study of several national systems in which attempts to achieve parity democracy have been pursued, concluding that, in order to maximise their effectiveness, parity measures must operate within a system of unbiased political structures and be properly adjusted to suit the particularities of individual national electoral regimes. |
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Keywords: | constitutional law electoral systems gender balance parity quotas representation |
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