捷克福利制度变迁的历史考察与趋势分析

学界对中东欧福利体系的关注,始于20世纪80年代末到90年代初原中东欧社会主义国家发生的剧变。当时,这些国家在政治上无一例外地选择了以多党制为基础的议会民主制,在经济上实行私有化并向市场经济过渡。为适应这种宏观环境的变化,波兰和匈牙利等国对其福利体系进行了较为激进的改革,而捷克始终把改革的范围限定在俾斯麦或贝弗里奇模式的框架之内。捷克的保守式改革有何制度背景?结果如何?是否需要更进一步的改革?本文试图对上述问题做出解答。本文通过对捷克福利制度的变迁过程进行研究,从捷克福利体系的建立、发展,再到不同时期捷克政府采取的改革措施,全面阐述了捷克福利体系的演变轨迹,并分析了捷克现行福利体系的构成原因以及面临的压力,最后,对其可能的发展趋势作出预测。

Czech welfare system changes:Historical review & trend analysis

In the late 1980s and early 1990s the originally socialist countries in east and central Europe took a drastic change.Ever since then the academic world has been following welfare system with great interest.At that time all those countries without exception in the region opted for the political multi-party system of parliamentary democracy and economic privatization for transition towards market economy.To suit the changes of such macro-economic environment,Poland and Hungary have made a radical reform of t...