广义刑事政策视角下的刑事政策横向结构分析

刑事政策的横向结构是指刑事政策体系内各分系统之间的关系。刑事政策的分系统是指刑事惩罚政策和社会预防政策。刑事惩罚政策是指国家机关运用刑事法律与违法犯罪作斗争的一切手段、方法和措施,包括刑事立法政策、刑事司法政策和刑事执行政策。刑事立法政策是指在刑事立法中的策略、方针和原则,是刑事立法的灵魂。刑事司法政策是指导刑事司法实践的具体指导思想和策略原则。刑事执行政策是指导刑事执行实践的具体指导思想和策略原则。当代刑事惩罚政策已经出现了犯罪化与非犯罪化和轻刑化、非监禁化和行刑社会化以及两极化的发展趋势。社会预防政策是指直接或间接地对犯罪的控制和预防产生影响的具体措施、策略和方法。社会预防政策可以分为宏观预防政策与微观预防政策。在社会转型期,社会预防政策也应进行合理的调整。

An Approach to the Transverse Structure of the Criminal Policy in the Broad Concept

The transverse structure of criminal policy refers to the multiple relationships within its system. The subsystem of the criminal policy includes penal policy and social prevention policy. The penal policy refers to all measures applied by the state organs to combat crime including criminal legislative policy, judicial policy and enforcement policy. The criminal legislative policy refers to guidelines and principles in the legislation acting as the soul. The criminal judicial policy is specific instructions and strategies for the criminal judicial practice. Accordingly, the criminal enforcement policy is the guideline for the enforcement of criminal law. The contemporary penal policy has revealed the coexistence of criminalization and decriminalization; of penalty lightening, penalty without incarceration and socialized penalty, as well as a trend of polarization. The social prevention policy can be divided into macro prevention and micro prevention, subject to reasonable adjustment during the social transformation period.