“后税费时代”农村公共物品难题的法经济学和法社会学分析——以大型农用水利设施为个案

税费改革和产权改革后的农村公共物品在运营上陷入困局，其根源在于改革在方向与规范、技术之间的脱节。这种脱节既反映在公共物品本身的运营系统内，还体现在更为复杂和深刻的制度背景之中。以“大制度理论”为背景，基于法经济学和法社会学的视角，大型农州水利设施的运营难题集中反映了当前家庭联产承包责任制的弊端和局限，凸显了当前农村自治在乡村组织动员能力建设和公共事务决策权分配这两个重大环节上的疏漏．并显示出当代农村改革在制度变迁上存在的缺陷和弊端。解决大型农用水利设施难题的具体方案应当遵循序列化、层次化的原则，有步骤、有重点地逐步推进。首先应建立中央和省级政府对大型农村水利设施的外贴制度，通过各级转移支付集中解决大型农用水利设施的历史负债，消化其巨大的沉淀成本，并在全体村民享有最终决策权的基础上，完善水利设施的产权改革，以及完善水费征收制度。其次应加强乡村直接民主制度、土地经营制度、乡村金融制度等宏观制度的建设和完善，并推动农村改革在制度变迁上走向科学与合理。

Analysis on Economics of Law and Sociology of Law Facing to the Vacancy of Public Goods in Countryside in the "Post-Tax-Payment-Era"——Used the Large Agricultural Irrigation Works As the Case

The public goods in countryside is in the plight of handling after the reformation of the tax payment and property right, it arrives from the disjointing between the direction of the reformation and its standard and technology. This kind of disiointing is not only lying in the handling system of the public goods, but also lying in the even complex and deep background of institution. If we take the ＂big system theory＂ as the background, and from the angle view of economics of law and sociology of law, the plight of handling the large agricultural irrigation works reflects its drawback of the current system of contracted household responsibility related to output. And the plight protrudes the current countryside autonomy is lack of two links, one is constructing ability of organizing, another is distributing the right of deciding the pulie affairs. And it reflects that there is drawback in the system-transition of the current reformation of countryside. To solvc the problem of handling the large agricultural irrigation works is to follow the principle of being in sequence adhere to the strict plan. First, subsidy system should be established reform on the from centre to local area to return their old loan and fully use their saved cost. the property right of the irrigatory works and the system of villager＇s last common-decision. Secondly, the systems of d country finance shou system- transition o the levying of the Then, we should water- fee, based irect democracy, managing land and ld all be strengthened and perfected. All these things should be done to make the f country-reformation more scientific and reasonable.