“社会主义公共财产”的宪法定位：“合理利用”的规范内涵

实践中围绕"国家所有"和"集体所有"所产生的争议都指向了《宪法》中的"社会主义公共财产"条款。这就需要探寻马克思理论中关于"公有财产"的定性,并嵌入到新中国成立-改革开放的政治转型中,理解"公有制"在中国的独特实现路径以及"公共财产"的功能变迁,从而更深入地理解马克思理论在中国的创造性转换。新中国成立-改革开放的政治转型意味着对"社会主义"的理解变迁,意味着新中国成立以来中国社会发展逻辑和相关制度的发展演进,同时也意味着宪法的发展演进。只有在宪法变迁的基础上,在"社会主义初级阶段"的规范框架内,才能理解"八二宪法"中"社会主义公共财产"所经历的功能变迁以及今天语境中的功能定位:从"不可侵犯"向"合理利用"的转变。

The Constitutional Orientation of Socialist ‘Public Property’:Normative Connotation of ‘Rational Utilization’

In practice, the disputes surrounding "state ownership" and "collective ownership" all point to the clause of "socialist public property" in the Constitution. Therefore, this requires exploring the nature of "public property" in Marx’s theory and embedding it in the political transformation from the founding of new China to the reform and opening-up. It is necessary to understand the unique realization path of "public ownership" in China and the functional change of "public property’, so as to further understand the creative transformation of Marx’s theory in China. The political transformation from the founding of new China to the reform and opening-up means a change in understanding "socialism’, the evolution of China’s social development logic and related systems since the founding of new China, and the constitutional change. Only on the basis of the constitutional change, and within the normative framework of the "primary stage of socialism’, can we understand the functional change of "socialist public property" in the Constitution of 1982 and its functional orientation in today’s context: the change from "inviolability" to "rational utilization’.