日、美、欧电力市场化改革分析

90年代以来 ,为了适应电力全球化趋势 ,日、美、欧各国实行了多种模式的电力市场化改革。改革的目标是要打破垄断 ,引入竞争机制 ,提高效率 ,降低电价。实现改革目标的基本途径 ,一是对电力工业国有资本实行民营化 ,出售给股民或外国公司等 ;二是打破独家垄断经营 ,培育市场竞争主体 ,建立竞争性电力市场。经济学中对自然垄断的研究是电力市场化改革的理论基础。

Analysis of the Renovation to Japanese, American and European Electric Power Markets

Since the 90's, in order to adapt to the tendency of global electric power, Japan, America and Europe have practiced many patterns of renovation electric power markets. The target of renovation is to smash monopoly, and draw contest mechanism, as well as to lift the effectiveness and cut down the power price. The first fundamental method to come true the target of reform is putting the national owned capital into private owned power industry, and offers sales to the stockholders and the foreign companies, etc; The second is smashing the management of monopoly, and breeding corpus of markets contest, establishing competitive electric power markets. Nature monopoly is the basic theory of markets electric power reformation.