过渡时期理论与1954年宪法

1954年宪法作为新中国第一部正式宪法,它基本上确立了我国在新民主主义向社会主义过渡时期、以及在社会主义初级阶段的宪政体制。它的根本指导思想就是用根本法的形式,将党的过渡时期总路线固定下来,为整个过渡时期的经济建设和民主政治建设提供根本法上的依据。作为过渡时期总路线的宪法化,在整部宪法的内容上,充分体现了过渡时期的特点和要求。1954年宪法之所以在后来没有得到切实的贯彻实施,与对过渡时期理论认识发生偏差有很大关系。社会主义初级阶段理论的提出及其在现行宪法中的确立,从某种意义上是总结了1954年宪法"过渡性"的经验和教训。在科学认识并界定社会发展阶段、秉承1954年宪法理念的基础上,实现宪法文本与社会客观现实的结合,对于完善社会主义初级阶段的宪法和宪政制度,有着重要的意义。

Theory of Interim and the 1954 Constitution

As the first constitution of new China, the 1954 Constitution basically established the system of constitutional government of China in the interim from the new democracy to socialism, and in the primary stage of socialism. Its basic guiding thought is to use the form of fundamental law to fix the general line of the Party in the interim and to provide the fundamental law basis for the economic construction and democratic political construction of the interim. As the constitutionalization of the general line of the interim, the content of the constitution fully manifests the characteristics and requirements of the interim. The reason why the 1954 constitution was not truly carried out later is closely related to the warp of the theoretical cognition during the interim. To raise the theory of primary stage of socialism and the establishment thereof in the existing constitution are in a sense a summary of the experience and lessons of the "transitional nature" of the 1954 constitution. In the stage of scientific cognition and the definition of social development, it is significant for improving the constitution and the system of the constitutional government to take the concept of the 1954 constitution, to realize the combination of constitution text and objective reality.